Abstract: The present description concerns a switch based on a phase-change material comprising: first, second, and third electrodes; a first region of said phase-change material coupling the first and second electrodes; and —a second region of said phase-change material coupling the second and third electrodes.

Abstract: The present description concerns a switch based on a phase-change material comprising: a region of the phase-change material; a heating element electrically insulated from the region of the phase-change material; and one or a plurality of pillars extending in the region of the phase-change material, the pillar(s) being made of a material having a thermal conductivity greater than that of the phase-change material.

Abstract: The present description concerns a switch based on a phase-change material comprising: a region of the phase-change material; a heating element electrically insulated from the region of the phase-change material; and one or a plurality of pillars extending in the region of the phase-change material, the pillar(s) being made of a material having a thermal conductivity greater than that of the phase-change material.

Abstract: The present description concerns a switch based on a phase-change material comprising: a region of the phase-change material; a heating element electrically insulated from the region of the phase-change material; and one or a plurality of pillars extending in the region of the phase-change material, the pillar(s) being made of a material having a thermal conductivity greater than that of the phase-change material.

Abstract: A transistor includes a semiconductor layer with a stack of a gate insulator and a conductive gate on the semiconductor layer. A thickness of the gate insulator is variable in a length direction of the transistor. The gate insulator includes a first region having a first thickness below a central region of the conductive gate. The gate insulator further includes a second region having a second thickness, greater than the first thickness, below an edge region of conductive gate.

Abstract: A device includes an active semiconductor layer on top of and in contact with an insulating layer which overlies a semiconductor substrate. A transistor for the device includes a source region, a drain region, and a body region arranged in the active semiconductor layer. The body region of the transistor is electrically coupled to the semiconductor substrate using a conductive via that crosses through the insulating layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electronic circuit comprising a semiconductor substrate, radiofrequency switches corresponding to MOS transistors comprising doped semiconductor regions in the substrate, at least two metallization levels covering the substrate, each metallization level comprising a stack of insulating layers, conductive pillars topped by metallic tracks, at least two connection elements each connecting one of the doped semiconductor regions and formed by conductive pillars and conductive tracks of each metallization level. The electronic circuit further comprises, between the two connection elements, a trench crossing completely the stack of insulating layers of one metallization level and further crossing partially the stack of insulating layers of the metallization level the closest to the substrate, and a heat dissipation device adapted for dissipating heat out of the trench.

Abstract: In a method of processing and/or recovering and/or reutilizing residues, especially from refinery processes, containing a base substance, especially comprising hydrocarbon, for example kerosene, and oil, and also metallic residues, the residues are to be introduced into a first reactor (5) in which a portion of the volatile residues evaporates and then is transferred into a second reactor (10) and solidifies therein by cooling, optionally promoted by evaporation of water.

Abstract: In a method of processing and/or recovering and/or reutilizing residues, especially from refinery processes, containing a base substance, especially comprising hydrocarbon, for example kerosene, and oil, and also metallic residues, the residues are to be introduced into a first reactor (5) in which a portion of the volatile residues evaporates and then is transferred into a second reactor (10) and solidifies therein by cooling, optionally promoted by evaporation of water.

Abstract: In a method of processing and/or recovering and/or reutilizing residues, especially from refinery processes, containing a base substance, especially comprising hydrocarbon, for example kerosene, and oil, and also metallic residues, the residues are to be introduced into a first reactor (5) in which a portion of the volatile residues evaporates and then is transferred into a second reactor (10) and solidifies therein by cooling, optionally promoted by evaporation of water.

Abstract: A device for carrying out mechanical, chemical, and/or thermal processes in a housing (3), comprising mixing and cleaning elements (5) on at least two shafts (1, 2), the mixing and cleaning elements (5) on the shafts (1, 2) meshing with each other and being equipped with disk elements that include kneading bars. The number of disk elements including kneading bars is adjusted to the speed ratio between the shafts.

Abstract: A method for implementing mechanical, chemical and/or thermal processes in a product which is located in a housing (1) with mixing and cleaning elements and/or transporting elements (6) on at least one shaft (4, 5), and is transported via the elements (6) from an inlet (2) to an output (10), the intention is for a cross section of the housing (1) to be adjusted in variable fashion at least in the longitudinal direction thereof.

Abstract: A device for carrying out mechanical, chemical and/or thermal processes in a housing (3) having mixing and cleaning elements (5) on shafts (1, 2), wherein the mixing and cleaning elements (5) of the shafts (1, 2) engage into each other when rotating about the axes thereof and two mixing and cleaning elements (5) are arranged at least one shaft (1, 2) consecutively in the axial direction in a 180° rotation-symmetrical manner about the axis (A) of the shaft (1, 2). Each mixing and cleaning element (5) comprises a disc element (6) and the disc element (6) has an outer edge (7) running in a radius (r) in an arch segment of approximately 90° or slightly bigger about the axis (A) of the shaft (1, 2) and wherein side edges (8.1, 8.2) abut on both sides toward the shaft (1, 2), wherein one or more bars (9.1, 9.2) sit on the edge (7).

Abstract: A device for carrying out mechanical, chemical, and/or thermal processes in a housing (3), comprising mixing and cleaning elements (5) on at least two shafts (1, 2), the mixing and cleaning elements (5) on the shafts (1, 2) meshing with each other and being equipped with disk elements that include kneading bars. The number of disk elements including kneading bars is adjusted to the speed ratio between the shafts.

Abstract: In a process for treating viscous products, especially for performing polymerization processes, especially for homo- or copolymerizing thermoplastics and elastomers, wherein monomer(s) and/or catalysts and/or initiators are added to a backmixed mixing kneader, especially with a length/diameter ratio of 0.5-3.5, heat is supplied to the product which is backmixed with already reacted product and the reacted product is removed from the mixing kneader, the product in the mixing kneader shall be heated up to its boiling temperature, portions of the product shall be evaporated and exothermicity of the product shall be absorbed by evaporative cooling.

Abstract: A process for the continuous thermal treatment of mixed substances, especially of solutions, suspensions and emulsions, wherein the continuous treatment of the mixed substances is divided into a main vaporization and a degassing stage, in which instance the main vaporization and the degassing take place in each case takes place in a separate mixer-kneader.

Abstract: A method for carrying out polymerization processes, includes a first step involving polymerization or co-polymerization of a monomer or monomers, and a second step involving a separation step. In an embodiment, before the separation step, during the separation step, or both before and during the separation step, one or more substance is added to the reaction mixture that induces stripping, influencing of the temperature, or both stripping and influencing of the temperature such that the reaction equilibrium is shifted to the polymers and the rate of reaction to the monomer is slowed. In embodiments, before and/or in the second step, a substance is added to the reaction mixture so that a stop is achieved, and as a further function stripping and/or influencing of temperature occurs.

Abstract: A process for continuously performing polymerization processes, wherein monomer(s), catalysts, and initiators are added continuously to a backmixed mixing kneader (1-1.3) with a length/diameter ratio of 0.5-3.5 and backmixed therein with already reacted product, and the reacted product is simultaneously drawn off continuously from the mixing kneader (1-1.3).

Abstract: In a process for treating viscous products, especially for performing polymerization processes, especially for homo- or copolymerizing thermoplastics and elastomers, wherein monomer(s) and/or catalysts and/or initiators are added to a backmixed mixing kneader, especially with a length/diameter ratio of 0.5-3.5, heat is supplied to the product which is backmixed with already reacted product and the reacted product is removed from the mixing kneader, the product in the mixing kneader shall be heated up to its boiling temperature, portions of the product shall be evaporated and exothermicity of the product shall be absorbed by evaporative cooling.

Abstract: In a process for treating viscous products, especially for performing polymerization processes, especially for homo- or copolymerizing thermoplastics and elastomers, wherein monomer(s) and/or catalysts and/or initiators are added to a backmixed mixing kneader, especially with a length/diameter ratio of 0.5-3.5, heat is supplied to the product which is backmixed with already reacted product and the reacted product is removed from the mixing kneader, the product in the mixing kneader shall be heated up to its boiling temperature, portions of the product shall be evaporated and exothermicity of the product shall be absorbed by evaporative cooling.