Abstract: Composition comprising a hydrophobic dye, a particular organic and/or mineral alkaline agent, a particular compound (I) and a particular organic compound (II), and dyeing use thereof. The present invention relates to a dye composition comprising one or more hydrophobic direct dyes with a log P of greater than or equal to 2, one or more organic alkaline agents, and/or one or more mineral alkaline agents chosen from carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof, one or more compounds (I) comprising in their structure a sequence: and one or more organic compounds (II) with a Hansen solubility parameter ?H of less than or equal to 16 MPa1/2 and with a molecular weight of less than 250 g/mol. The invention also relates to a dyeing process that consists in applying such a composition to keratin fibers.