Abstract: A multi-layer media bed filter with an increasing density of media from the finest media on the top to the coarsest media on the bottom is backwashed using air without significantly disrupting stratification of the media layers. When the air is stopped, the contaminants in the liquid above the finest media that were removed by the airflow are flushed away either with liquid injected above the media or by a liquid flow through the media that does not remove the finest media. The amount of contaminants that remain in the finest media with the stratification-maintaining air backwash is significantly less than when using liquid backwash alone, whether the liquid backwash uses a flow rate sufficient to suspend the micromedia or below a suspending flow rate.

Abstract: A filter is disclosed. The filter includes a vessel having at least one inlet and at least one outlet, a media bed including a plurality of media layers, an uppermost media layer of the media bed including substantially uniform and spherical glass micromedia, the plurality of media layers increasing in density from the uppermost media layer to a lowermost media layer and an air distributor configured to direct a volume of air through the plurality of media layers. A system for treating water is also disclosed. The system includes a source of water to be treated, a filter vessel as described herein, and a treated water outlet fluidically connected to a filter vessel outlet. A method of retrofitting a filter vessel as described herein is also disclosed. The method includes removing the uppermost media layer from the media bed and installing a media comprising substantially uniform and spherical glass bead micromedia into the media bed as the uppermost media layer.

Abstract: A multi-layer media bed filter with an increasing density of media from the finest media on the top to the coarsest media on the bottom is backwashed using air without significantly disrupting stratification of the media layers. When the air is stopped, the contaminants in the liquid above the finest media that were removed by the airflow are flushed away either with liquid injected above the media or by a liquid flow through the media that does not remove the finest media. The amount of contaminants that remain in the finest media with the stratification-maintaining air backwash is significantly less than when using liquid backwash alone, whether the liquid backwash uses a flow rate sufficient to suspend the micromedia or below a suspending flow rate.

Abstract: The present document describes a media bed filter for filtering fine particles from a raw liquid flow, the media bed filter comprising: a tank having: a top portion; a bottom portion defining a bottom surface for receiving a media bed, the media bed having a supporting media to be disposed on the bottom surface and a filtering media for covering the supporting media, the top portion of the tank being above the filtering media of the media bed; a raw liquid inlet in fluid communication with a nozzle configuration located in the top portion of the tank for providing the raw liquid flow in the tank in the form of a plurality of jets at a directional velocity substantially equal or greater to a disengagement velocity of the filtering media.

Abstract: The present document describes a media bed filter for filtering fine particles from a raw liquid flow, the media bed filter comprising: a tank having: a top portion; a bottom portion defining a bottom surface for receiving a media bed, the media bed having a supporting media to be disposed on the bottom surface and a filtering media for covering the supporting media, the top portion of the tank being above the filtering media of the media bed; a raw liquid inlet in fluid communication with a nozzle configuration located in the top portion of the tank for providing the raw liquid flow in the tank in the form of a plurality of jets at a directional velocity substantially equal or greater to a disengagement velocity of the filtering media.

Abstract: It has been discovered that providing a reactor for disinfecting liquids having therein an antimicrobial-coated medium in an active and dynamic suspension allows for the passage of certain particles while preventing the passage of viable microorganisms. There is provided a reactor for disinfecting a liquid comprising a raw liquid inlet for allowing a raw liquid to enter the reactor, a disinfected liquid outlet for releasing a disinfected liquid from the reactor, and a suspension device for creating a highly dynamic suspension of the antimicrobial medium in a cross-section of the reactor through which the raw liquid passes to insure a substantially uniform, high average number of interactions between the antimicrobial medium and microorganisms present in the liquid passing through the reactor, thereby decreasing a quantity of viable microorganisms in the liquid as it passes from the inlet to the outlet.

Abstract: The present document describes a media bed filter for filtering fine particles from a raw liquid flow, the media bed filter comprising: a tank having: a top portion; a bottom portion defining a bottom surface for receiving a media bed, the media bed having a supporting media to be disposed on the bottom surface and a filtering media for covering the supporting media, the top portion of the tank being above the filtering media of the media bed; a raw liquid inlet in fluid communication with a nozzle configuration located in the top portion of the tank for providing the raw liquid flow in the tank in the form of a plurality of jets at a directional velocity substantially equal or greater to a disengagement velocity of the filtering media.

Abstract: The present document describes a media bed filter for filtering fine particles from a raw liquid flow, the media bed filter comprising: a tank having: a top portion; a bottom portion defining a bottom surface for receiving a media bed, the media bed having a supporting media to be disposed on the bottom surface and a filtering media for covering the supporting media, the top portion of the tank being above the filtering media of the media bed; a raw liquid inlet in fluid communication with a nozzle configuration located in the top portion of the tank for providing the raw liquid flow in the tank in the form of a plurality of jets at a directional velocity substantially equal or greater to a disengagement velocity of the filtering media.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method of electro-dewatering substances by increasing the efficiency with which water is removed from the substances, thus permitting substances to attain higher dryness levels with the same energy input and surface area, or to attain similar dryness levels with less energy input or less surface area.