Abstract: Newly identified fungal sweet-taste modifying proteins, and the cDNA encoding said proteins are described. Specifically, Myd proteins active in sweet taste activation, and the cDNA encoding the same, are described, along with methods for isolating such cDNA and for isolating and expressing such proteins. Also disclosed is use of a sweetening composition which includes the proteins of the invention, and methods to provide improved flavor to a product for oral administration.

Abstract: Techniques described herein include performing a distributed device trust determination that includes determining trust scores for customer devices across multiple organizations. In one example, this disclosure describes a method that includes receiving data of a user device event including an organization confidence level for a user device associated with the user device event; updating common data in an entry for the user device in a device registry based on the received data of the user device event and the organization confidence level for the user device; determining a common confidence level for the user device based on the common data in the entry for the user device in the device registry; and outputting the common confidence level for the user device for use by the computing device of the first organization to determine how to handle an access request from the user device.

Abstract: Provided is a food composition which include a myceliated high-protein food product and methods to make such compositions, which are mixtures of myceliated high-protein food products and other edible materials. A food composition includes dairy alternative products, ready to mix beverages and beverage bases; extruded and extruded/puffed products; sheeted baked goods; meat analogs and extenders; baked goods and baking mixes; granola; and soups/soup bases. Food compositions also include texturized plant protein which can be used for making meat-structured plant protein meat analog or meat extender products. The food compositions have reduced undesirable flavors and reduced undesirable aromas due to use of myceliated high-protein food products as compared to use of similar high-protein material that is not myceliated.

Abstract: A system and method for providing service quality metrics related to the quality of service provided by a Voice over Internet Protocol (“VoIP”) network to voiceband modems or fax machines communicating over the VoIP network. The system utilizes a multi-state Markov model to evaluate the quality of service provided by the VoIP network and provides an assessment of the suitability of the network to carry voiceband data traffic.

Abstract: A network monitoring system for packet based multimedia signal transmission systems which identifies network problems that may affect multimedia performance and provides guidance as to the location of such problems within the network.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for improving the quality of real-time multimedia sessions wherein each endpoint of a real-time packet stream transmits (1) feedback reports that describe the quality of the stream received by the endpoint and (2) forward reports that are based on the feedback reports received by the endpoint and that describe the quality of the stream received by the other, remote endpoint. The forward reports are used by routers to re-route packets around problems in the network that are located between the router and the remote endpoint.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for prioritizing delay-sensitive packets relative to each other for transmission from a router in a network, based on a delay variation estimated for each delay-sensitive packet by a quality of service monitor. In accordance with the present invention, late delay-sensitive packets are assigned a higher priority than, and are transmitted before, other delay-sensitive packets, thereby reducing the level of jitter and improving the quality of the packet streams that comprise late delay-sensitive packets.

Abstract: A system and method for providing service quality metrics related to the quality of service provided by a Voice over Internet Protocol (“VoIP”) network to voiceband modems or fax machines communicating over the VoIP network. The system utilizes a multi-state Markov model to evaluate the quality of service provided by the VoIP network and provides an assessment of the suitability of the network to carry voiceband data traffic.

Abstract: A network monitoring system for packet based multimedia signal transmission systems which identifies network problems that may affect multimedia performance and provides guidance as to the location of such problems within the network.

Abstract: A real-time method for improving data compression. The correlation between data characters being provided a modem (10) is determined. Two measures are used to determine the correlation between data characters: the shape of tree(s) (6) in encoding table (16) and the compression ratio (96). Once the correlation between data characters is determined using the two measures, the size of the encoding table (16) can be changed. If the data characters are not correlated, meaning the data is random or pseudo-random, the size of the encoding table is decreased. If the data characters are highly correlated, changing the size of the encoding table reduces time spent attempting to compress incompressible data and increases data compression for compressible data.

Abstract: A data switching node includes a plurality of data lines including high speed data (link) lines and low speed data (port) lines and a switch connected to the data lines. The switch is a distributed multiplexer comprising a number of switching modules connected in common to a data bus. The switching modules are arranged to communicate data with the common data bus. A control module is also connected to the bus and arranged to control the addressing of the switching modules so that data received by a switching module connected to one data line is transmitted directly via the common data bus to a switching module connected to a selected other one of the data lines in response to a control signals from the control module identifying the said switching module, the data being transmitted in association with a logical channel number associated with the switching module connected to the selected other one of the data lines.

Abstract: A hybrid data communication system comprises synchronous line cards(3) and asynchronous line cards(2) connected to a common data bus(1) includes a contention bus(7) arranged to communicate contention signals between the line cards(2,3). The synchronous line cards are arranged to transmit a high priority contention signal to suspend any outgoing transmission by an asynchronous card(3) and to gain access to the bus(1) of synchronous data. The contention bus includes an acknowledgement line(ACK) which is driven low by a receiving line card to indicate that it is receiving data. The receiving line card performs error checking and only receives the acknowledgement when the received data is determined to be error free. In a preferred example, the asynchronous line cards(2) are arranged to monitor the contention line(7) to detect the initiation of a contention cycle by a synchronous line card(3).

Abstract: An adaptive data compression system comprises an encoder 2 which responds to input characters by producing output codewords according to a stored encoding map or table of characters and codewords, and an adapter 4, 5 which adapts the encoding map or table in accordance with the input characters so as to increase the compression ratio between the input characters and output codewords. An optimizer 5 monitors the performance of the system and accordingly varies adaptation of the encoding map or table by the adapter 4 so as to optimize performance of the system. Performance of the system is preferably monitored in terms of the computational loading of the processor and the compression ratio it achieves. A decoder 7 subsequently decodes the codewords by reference to a corresponding decoding map or table which is adapted 9, 10 in accordance with the output data from the decoder and in accordance with variations in the adaptation process in the encoder.

Abstract: A data compression system in which a dictionary stored strings of characters and an encoder matches the longest of the stored string with a current string of a data stream input to the encoder. The index of the longest matched stored string is output by the encoder and the dictionary is updated by a new string consisting of the previous match concatenated with the first two characters only of the present match. If the present match has only one or two characters, it is added without reduction.

Abstract: A method of processing data for transmission from a transmitter (T) to a receiver (R) both of which are switchable between a compression mode in which the data stream is encoded or decoded with a data compression algorithm and a transparent mode in which the data stream is transmitted or received unencoded, comprising reading an input data stream at the transmitter (T), encoding at least part of the input data stream with the data compression algorithm to form a compressed data stream, monitoring the efficiency of compression of the compressed data stream and controlling the switching of the mode of the transmitter (T) and receiver (R) so that the input data stream is transmitted efficiently. In the transparent mode both the receiver and the transmitter check independently the efficiency of compression and switch to the compression mode if the transparent mode is determined to be inefficient.

Abstract: Data compression and decompression utilizing, e.g., the Ziv-Lempel algorithm is simplified by utilizing a tree structure for the dictionary in which alternative symbols at a given position in a symbol sequence (a,b,c) are linked by linking pointers R of a first type and successive symbols (ab,bc,ca,aba,abb,abc) are linked by linking pointers D of a second type. For example, the sequence ab may continue with any one of the symbols a,b, and c grouped together by R pointers in a list below the final symbol of the sequence ab. Each symbol is defined by an associated pair of D and R pointers, in conjunction with a parent pointer P which identifies its parent. Symbols having no D pointers extending therefrom are pruned from the tree and transferred to a free list as shown in FIG. 8(b).

Abstract: An adaptive system for binary data compression incorporating a coding scheme which is simple to implement, which limits codeword length and which can be implemented by software. Data compression is achieved by assigning four bit codes to the eight most frequently occurring characters in the data and eight or nine bit codes to the remaining characters wherein the code assignment is made according to a continuously updated evaluation of character frequency distribution. Run length encoding may be used in conjunction with this technique, to achieve further data compression. For transmission, error control protocols are applied to the compressed data where such protocols may include the use of forward error correcting (FEC) coding and an automatic repeat request (ARQ) system. The data may be transmitted using a burst error control system based on interleaving so that a single error correcting FEC coding can corrects bursts of errors characteristic of a telephone system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing prosthodontic work comprises a face bow formed from a plate which supports impression styli which, when removed from the patient's head, is incorporated as the upper arm of the dental articulator. At least one, but preferably two, impression receptacles containing impressionable material are detachably secured to a lower face bow in registration with the stylus on the upper face bow to form the impression. Each receptacle is removed from the lower face bow after age hardening of the impression, and is secured to an articulator base at a position which maintains registration between the stylus and the impression formed in the receptacle. The impression formed thus forms a condylar guide hinge for mounting the upper arm of the articulator, preferably the upper face bow to the base, for simulating the condylar movement of a particular patient with respect to dental impressions to be used in forming dental prostheses to be worn by the patient.

Abstract: The invention concerns an image focusing system for use in a reprographic camera. To improve the compactness of such a camera, it is known to provide a reflecting element to fold the optical axis extending from an object plane O to the image plane. The known disposition of the reflecting element between a focusing lens system and the image plane necessitates a very large reflecting surface area to satisfy the usual operational requirements of the aperture and field angle. This precludes the use of prisms as the reflecting element, and therefore introduces instability where image reversal is required since a roof mirror, in which the roof angle may drift, must be used.It is proposed to arrange the reflecting element within the focusing lens system, i.e. between two lens assemblies to permit smaller elements, and more particularly interchangeable plane and roof reflector prisms, to be used.