Abstract: A thin foil or film is laminated to a substrate with an adhesive layer therebetween thicker than the surface roughness of the substrate, the laminating and drying of the adhesive being effected with the foil contacting a smooth contact surface under a contact pressure, the rate of heat input to dry the adhesive and the pressure on the back of the substrate being controlled to maintain the vapor pressure at the interface between the film and the adhesive above atmospheric and below the contact pressure so that the foil surface of the finished laminate is as smooth as the contact surface.

Abstract: Paper, paperboard or like permeable board is coated with a coating material and aqueous carrier liquid metered over the face thereof and a partial vacuum applied to the opposite surface as the coating is dried by heating. The vacuum improves the surface smoothness of the coating. The coating can be contacted with a casting surface and dried at a faster rate than if no vacuum were applied.