Abstract: This disclosure provides apparatus and methods for mitigating electrostatic discharge (ESD) in display devices. In one aspect, a display device includes an encapsulation substrates having an anti-static coating on one or more of surfaces of the encapsulation substrate. The display devices can include transparent substrates having display elements thereon such that the encapsulation substrate that covers the display elements. The anti-static coating on one or more surfaces of the encapsulation substrate can dissipate charge that may build up during fabrication or operation of the display device. The anti-static coating can be conductive and transparent, with examples of such coatings including transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), thin metal films, thin carbon films, and networks of conductive nanostructures.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus including computer programs encoded on computer storage media for stabilization of display voltages when driving electromechanical display devices. In one aspect, a display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus includes a display array having row electrodes and column electrodes. The row electrodes are driven by a first voltage and the column electrodes are driven by a second voltage corresponding to image data. The display apparatus further includes a capacitor having a first side coupled to one or more row electrodes. The display apparatus further includes an active circuit having an output terminal coupled to a second side of the capacitor and an input terminal coupled to the one or more row electrodes. The active circuit is configured to output a base voltage applied to the second side of the capacitor.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for displaying high resolution images using an adaptive temporal dithering scheme on display devices having two or more color planes. The adaptive temporal dithering scheme includes identifying the dither visibility of an image to be displayed by the color planes and adaptively applying temporal dithering to the color plane having the highest dither visibility. In one aspect, temporal dithering can be adaptively applied between two different color planes on a frame-by-frame basis based at least partly on the dither visibility of the image content.

Abstract: A method of driving electromechanical devices such as interferometric modulators includes applying a voltage along a common line to release the electromechanical devices along the common line, followed by applying an address voltage along the common line to actuate selected electromechanical devices along the common line based on voltages applied along segment lines. Hold voltages may be applied along common lines between applications of release and address voltages, and the segment voltages may be selected to be sufficiently small that the segment voltages will not affect the state of the electromechanical devices along other common lines not being written to.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for writing a display image to a display having an array of pixels according to a selected driving sequence. In one aspect, display elements in a row are driven using a tall and narrow voltage pulse. This allows display elements of a row to be driven in a shorter line time.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for writing a display image to a display having an array of pixels according to a selected driving sequence. In one aspect, display elements in a row are driven using a tall and narrow voltage pulse. This allows display elements of a row to be driven in a shorter line time.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems and apparatuses having pixels connected to various drive lines. In one implementation, a passive matrix display apparatus comprises a plurality of display elements, arranged in rows and columns, each common line driving display elements of a single color, wherein at least one common line of the plurality of common lines is coupled to display elements in two or more rows to drive the two or more rows, and a plurality of sets of multiple segment lines, each set of multiple segment lines associated with a column of display elements, wherein one segment line of the set of multiple segment lines addresses display elements of a given color of one row along the column and an other segment line in the set of multiple segment lines addresses display elements of the given color of another row along the column.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems and apparatuses having pixels with various display element arrangements. In one aspect, a passive matrix display apparatus includes a plurality of red display elements extending along a direction parallel to a first row, the plurality of red display elements addressed by a single first common line, a plurality of green display elements extending along a direction parallel to a second row, the plurality of green display elements addressed by a single second common line, and a plurality of blue display elements extending along a direction parallel to a third row, the plurality of blue display elements addressed by a single third common line, where the number of green display elements in the display is greater than one of a number of red display elements in the display and a number of blue display elements in the display.

Abstract: A method of driving electromechanical devices such as interferometric modulators includes applying a voltage along a common line to release the electromechanical devices along the common line, followed by applying an address voltage along the common line to actuate selected electromechanical devices along the common line based on voltages applied along segment lines. Hold voltages may be applied along common lines between applications of release and address voltages, and the segment voltages may be selected to be sufficiently small that the segment voltages will not affect the state of the electromechanical devices along other common lines not being written to.

Abstract: This disclosure provides apparatus, systems, and methods for updating display devices. In one aspect, a multi-line addressing mode may be used to update the display by writing data to multiple display lines in order to increase display refresh rate and reduce power consumption. In another aspect, a line order addressing mode may be used to write data to display lines in a random or quasi-random sequence in order to minimize visible display updates. In another aspect, a color processing mode may be used to forego processing color information in order to reduce power consumption and processing time.

Abstract: This disclosure provides apparatus, systems, and methods for updating display devices. In one aspect, a line time addressing mode may be used to update the display by changing the amount of time that a common line has to address a display element. A shorter line time results in a higher frame rate, but may result in increased display errors. Therefore, an appropriate line time addressing mode may be selected based on the update rate of images to be displayed.

Abstract: A method of driving electromechanical devices such as interferometric modulators includes applying a voltage along a common line to release the electromechanical devices along the common line, followed by applying an address voltage along the common line to actuate selected electromechanical devices along the common line based on voltages applied along segment lines. Hold voltages may be applied along common lines between applications of release and address voltages, and the segment voltages may be selected to be sufficiently small that the segment voltages will not affect the state of the electromechanical devices along other common lines not being written to.

Abstract: A method of driving electromechanical devices such as interferometric modulators includes applying a voltage along a common line to release the electromechanical devices along the common line, followed by applying an address voltage along the common line to actuate selected electromechanical devices along the common line based on voltages applied along segment lines. Hold voltages may be applied along common lines between applications of release and address voltages, and the segment voltages may be selected to be sufficiently small that the segment voltages will not affect the state of the electromechanical devices along other common lines not being written to.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical systems device having an electrical interconnect between circuitry outside the device and at least one of an electrode and a movable layer within the device. At least a portion of the electrical interconnect is formed from the same material as a conductive layer between the electrode and a mechanical layer of the device. In an embodiment, this conductive layer is a sacrificial layer that is subsequently removed to form a cavity between the electrode and the movable layer. The sacrificial layer is preferably formed of molybdenum, doped silicon, tungsten, or titanium. According to another embodiment, the conductive layer is a movable reflective layer that preferably comprises aluminum.

Abstract: A display device including a plurality of optical modulators and a plurality of filter elements on a reflective side of the plurality of optical modulators is provided. The plurality of optical modulators includes a first set of optical modulators and a second set of optical modulators. Each optical modulator of the plurality of optical modulators is configured to be selectively switched among at least a first state, a second state, and a third state. Each state has a different spectral reflectance. The plurality of filter elements includes a first set of filter elements corresponding to the first set of optical modulators and a second set of filter elements corresponding to the second set of optical modulators. The first set of filter elements has a different spectral transmittance than the second set of filter elements.

Abstract: A display device including a plurality of optical modulators and a plurality of filter elements on a reflective side of the plurality of optical modulators is provided. The plurality of optical modulators includes a first set of optical modulators and a second set of optical modulators. Each optical modulator of the plurality of optical modulators is configured to be selectively switched among at least a first state, a second state, and a third state. Each state has a different spectral reflectance. The plurality of filter elements includes a first set of filter elements corresponding to the first set of optical modulators and a second set of filter elements corresponding to the second set of optical modulators. The first set of filter elements has a different spectral transmittance than the second set of filter elements.

Abstract: A display device including a plurality of optical modulators and a plurality of filter elements on a reflective side of the plurality of optical modulators is provided. The plurality of optical modulators includes a first set of optical modulators and a second set of optical modulators. Each optical modulator of the plurality of optical modulators is configured to be selectively switched among at least a first state, a second state, and a third state. Each state has a different spectral reflectance. The plurality of filter elements includes a first set of filter elements corresponding to the first set of optical modulators and a second set of filter elements corresponding to the second set of optical modulators. The first set of filter elements has a different spectral transmittance than the second set of filter elements.

Abstract: A product such as a display includes a first substrate on which array circuitry and multiplexer circuitry are formed and also includes one or more integrated circuit (IC) structures attached to the first substrate. The array circuitry includes N data lines, each driven by multiplexed signals, where N is greater than 32. The multiplexer circuitry provides the multiplexed signals in response to analog drive signals from P analog input leads and multiplexer control signals from Q control leads, where P is less than N but not less than 32 and where Q is less than N but not less than N/P. Each of R IC structures can includes a single crystal substrate, each with digital-to-analog converting (DAC) circuitry, where R is greater than zero. Each substrate has at least S analog output leads, where S is not less than 32. Together, the R IC structures have T analog output leads, where T is greater than P, and each of the P analog input leads is paired with and connected to one of the T analog output leads.

Abstract: A display has sufficient resolution to present images as they would appear on other types of image output devices, such as types of printers or displays. In response to a user signal indicating a type of image output devices, data defining an image is used to automatically obtain version data defining a version of the image. The version can be presented on the display to show the image as it would appear when presented by an image output device of the indicated type. The user can indicate a type by selecting a menu item or a button or by providing a sequence of keystrokes. In response to a user signal indicating a parameter value, a version can be presented showing the image as it would appear when presented with the value. When a satisfactory image is displayed, the user can then request presentation of the image by a device of the indicated type.

Abstract: An image output device such as display or a light valve, has cells, each with an electrooptical element and a switching element. During a duty interval of a scan signal on a scan line, the switching element electrically connects the electrooptical element to receive a data signal from a data line. Scan drive circuitry can provide the scan signal with a scanning frequency that is at least K times the lesser of the maximum response frequency of the electrooptical element and a normal human viewer's maximum perceptual frequency, where K is eight or more. Data drive circuitry can receive digital input signals and respond by providing, during each duty interval of the scan signal, a signal segment with either a maximum or a minimum voltage magnitude.