Abstract: The present invention relates to a hetero-junction device comprising a hetero-junction formed at the interface of two .pi.-conjugated system polymers (A) and (B) wherein on the first .pi.-conjugated system polymer (A) a second .pi.-conjugated polymer (B) different from said polymer (A) is deposited thereby making it possible to control junction properties by altering the quantity of doping to the polymer.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells including secondary batteries and fuel cells are provided employing polyanilines having improved reversibility, stability and electrochemical properties. In accordance with a preferred embodiment polyaniline is employed as a cathode active polymer in a secondary battery at a pH between about 1 and 11. In accordance with other embodiment, fuel cells employing polyaniline are provided as are batteries wherein polyanilines are used as anodes.

Abstract: Production of base-type conductive polymers, particularly from the family of conductive polyaniline, by reacting a base-type non-conductive polymer containing carbon-nitrogen linkages, e.g., polyaniline, with a cation donor compound, such as R.sub.2 SO.sub.4, R'SO.sub.2 Cl or R".sub.3 SiCl, where R, R' and R" are alkyl or aryl, such as dimethyl sulfate or tosyl chloride, and forming an electrically conductive polymer in which the R groups of R.sub.2 SO.sub.4, the R'SO.sub.2 groups of R'SO.sub.2 Cl, or the R".sub.3 Si groups of R".sub.3 SiCl are covalently linked to the nitrogen atoms of the polymer.

Abstract: Conjugated polymers are doped with ionic dopant species to a preselected room temperature electrical conductivity ranging from that characteristic of semiconductor behavior to that characteristic of metallic behavior, by means of reversible electrochemical doping procedures. The doping procedures are carried out in an electrochemical cell wherein the polymer to be doped is employed as one or both of the electrodes, and the electrolyte is a compound which is ionizable into the ionic dopant species to a p-type material; or if used as the cathode, becomes doped with a cationic dopant species to an n-type material.

Abstract: A secondary battery comprises at least one electrode having as an active materials a conjugated polymer, the polymer being doped to an electrically conducting state. Particularly, the battery may comprise the polymer as a cathode and a lithium anode.

Abstract: Preparation of amorphous semiconductor material that is suitable for use in a wide variety of devices by the pyrolytic decomposition of one or more gaseous phase polysemiconductanes, including polysilanes and polygermanes.

Abstract: Conjugated polymers are doped with ionic dopant species to a preselected room temperature electrical conductivity ranging from that characteristic of semiconductor behavior to that characteristic of metallic behavior, by means of reversible electrochemical doping procedures. The doping procedures are carried out in an electrochemical cell wherein the polymer to be doped is employed as one or both of the electrodes, and the electrolyte is a compound which is ionizable into the ionic dopant species. Upon operation of the cell, the polymer, if used as the anode, becomes doped with an anionic dopant species to a p-type material; or if used as the cathode, becomes doped with a cationic dopant species to an n-type material.The electrochemical doping reactions and their reverse electrochemical undoping reactions are utilized as the charging and discharging mechanisms of novel lightweight secondary batteries which employ doped or dopable conjugated polymers as one or both of their electrodes.

Abstract: Conjugated polymers are doped with dopant ions to a preselected room temperature electrical conductivity ranging from that characteristic of semiconductor behavior to that characteristic of metallic behavior, by means of an electrochemical procedure wherein the polymer is employed as one or both of the electrodes of an electrolytic cell, including as the electrolyte a compound which is ionizable into the dopant ions. Upon electrolysis of the electrolyte, the polymer, if used as the anode, becomes doped with anionic dopant ions to a p-type material; or if used as the cathode, becomes doped with cationic dopant ions to an n-type material.The above-described electrochemical doping procedure finds particularly useful application in the charging of novel secondary batteries in which a doped conjugated polymer is employed as one or both of the electrodes. Such secondary batteries, in their charged state, comprise a metal whose Pauling electronegativity value is no greater than 1.

Abstract: Electrically conducting organic polymeric material having a preselected room temperature p-type electrical conductivity which may vary over the entire range characteristic of semiconductor behavior and into the range characteristic of metallic behavior, is prepared by controlled chemical doping of polyacetylene in the form of a polycrystalline film. Exceptionally high room temperature p-type electrical conductivity within the range of from about 0.1 to of the order of 10.sup.3 ohm.sup.-1 cm.sup.-1 is achieved with several electron acceptor dopants, including bromine, iodine, iodine chloride, iodine bromide and arsenic pentafluoride.

Abstract: Electrically conducting organic polymeric film material exhibiting a preselected room temperature n-type electrical conductivity ranging from that characteristic of semiconductor behavior to that characteristic of metallic behavior, is prepared by controlled electron donor doping of a polycrystalline film of polyacetylene with a metal dopant whose Pauling electronegativity value is no greater than 1.6. Preferred metal dopants are the alkali metals. The procedure may be employed in preparing polyacetylene film with a p-n junction formed by two adjacent portions of the film respectively provided wth p-type and n-type electrical conductivities.

Abstract: A composite polymeric material having metallic surface properties is prepared by subliming solid crystalline polymeric sulfur nitride to a vapor, and thereafter condensing the polymeric sulfur nitride vapor onto the surface of a highly-oriented thermoplastic polymeric substrate to thereby form on the substrate an epitaxial crystalline polymeric sulfur nitride film. The polymeric sulfur nitride film is completely oriented parallel to the direction of orientation of the substrate and has a relatively high degree of anisotropy with respect to its electrical conductivity and optical properties.