Abstract: A Gray code counter is enabled to increment by greater than one and still obey a rule of only one bit of change. The Gray code counter has applicability, for example, with use with an arbiter to control a multi-input asynchronous FIFO usable to synchronize data transfers between asynchronous source and destination clock domains.

Abstract: A router for routing a message among nodes in an N dimensional network of processor nodes. The router includes a message logic unit determining in which direction the message is traveling in the network. The router features a number of (D) of express ports, each express port having an input for inputting and an output for outputting the message in a corresponding one of (D) express directions. A routing logic unit in the router is capable of transmitting the message in a selected express direction through a corresponding local port, each local port inputting and outputting the message in one dimension of the network. The routing logic unit also includes express routing logic that is capable of transmitting the message in the selected express direction through a corresponding express port. The message logic unit includes detection logic for determining the distance in each dimension remaining to be traveled by the message to a destination node.