Abstract: A forming system includes a femtosecond laser and a control unit that includes one or more processors operatively connected to the femtosecond laser. The femtosecond laser is configured to emit laser pulses onto an inner surface of a face sheet of an acoustic inner barrel. The acoustic inner barrel includes an acoustic core comprising an array of hexagonal cells attached to an outer surface of the face sheet that is opposite the inner surface. The control unit is configured to control the femtosecond laser to laser drill a plurality of perforations in the face sheet via emitting laser pulses at pulse durations between about 100 femtoseconds and about 10,000 femtoseconds and at frequencies over 100,000 Hz.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a nickel shape or shell employs nickel vapor deposition onto the inside surface of a closed, multi-part mandrel. The closed multi-part mandrel eliminates the need for a separate deposition chamber and the nickel vapor deposition creates a nickel shell in the shape of the complete or multi-part partial mandrel internal surface resulting in a hollow or partially hollow nickel product.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a nickel shape or shell employs nickel vapor deposition onto the inside surface of a closed, multi-part mandrel. The closed multi-part mandrel eliminates the need for a separate deposition chamber and the nickel vapor deposition creates a nickel shell in the shape of the complete or multi-part partial mandrel internal surface resulting in a hollow or partially hollow nickel product.