Patents by Inventor Alan J. Grodzinsky
Alan J. Grodzinsky has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Publication number: 20170328886Abstract: Tools for characterizing uptake of therapeutic compounds by target tissue are disclosed along with methods for determining dosing regimen from the uptake parameters. Uptake parameters considered include partition coefficient, diffusivity, and equilibrium uptake ratio. Systems for determining partition coefficient and diffusivity in rapid uptake combinations of compounds and tissue are also reported.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 12, 2017Publication date: November 16, 2017Inventors: Parth PATWARI, Paul H. LIEBESNY, Alan J. GRODZINSKY
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Patent number: 8516610Abstract: Rheology system. The system includes a first piezoelectric actuator assembly for providing microscale displacement of a sample and a second piezoelectric actuator assembly for oscillating the sample at a nano/micro scale displacement in a selected frequency range extended significantly as compared to the frequency range available on the commercial AFMs. A preferred sample is cartilage and the disclosed system can distinguish between normal cartilage and GAG-depleted cartilage.Type: GrantFiled: March 19, 2012Date of Patent: August 20, 2013Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Hadi Tavakoli Nia, Iman Soltani Bozchalooi, Kamal Youcef-Toumi, Christine Ortiz, Alan J. Grodzinsky, Eliot Frank
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Patent number: 6882880Abstract: The change in tissue impedance due to the change in the extracellular matrix that results from the degradation of cartilage is utilized to detect degradation of articular cartilage. A probe includes electrodes that apply a current to the articular cartilage which results in a current distribution and electric field within the cartilage, along with an associated voltage drop across the electrodes. The amplitude of this voltage drop is then measured and divided by the current applied to determine the tissue impedance. By measuring the impedance of patient tissue and comparing the detected patient impedance to a normal value for the tissue from clinically normal tissue, a determination of whether the patient tissue is degraded, and a determination of the extent of degradation is possible. Preferably, the impedance is measured using a probe with interdigitated electrodes.Type: GrantFiled: December 19, 2002Date of Patent: April 19, 2005Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Steven Treppo, Alan J. Grodzinsky, Emerson Quan, Eliot Frank, David Bombard, David Breslau
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Patent number: 6856834Abstract: The change in tissue impedance due to the change in the extracellular matrix that results from the degradation of cartilage is utilized to detect degradation of articular cartilage. A probe comprising electrodes is applies a current to the articular cartilage which results in a current distribution and electric field within the cartilage, along with an associated voltage drop across the electrodes. The amplitude of this voltage drop is then measured and divided by the current applied to determine the tissue impedance. By measuring the impedance of patient tissue and comparing the detected patient impedance to a normal value for the tissue from clinically normal tissue, a determination of whether the patient tissue is degraded and the extent of degradation is possible. Preferably, the impedance is measured using a probe with interdigitated electrodes. By changing which electrodes are utilized, the wavelength of the current distribution changes, allowing the probe to image depth dependent focal lesions.Type: GrantFiled: June 20, 2003Date of Patent: February 15, 2005Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Steven Treppo, Alan J. Grodzinsky, Emerson Quan, Eliot Frank, David Bombard, David Breslau
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Patent number: 6735468Abstract: The change in tissue impedance due to the change in the extracellular matrix that results from the degradation of cartilage is utilized to detect degradation of articular cartilage. A probe applies a current to the articular cartilage which results in a current distribution and electric field within the cartilage, along with an associated voltage drop across the electrodes. The amplitude of this voltage drop is then measured and divided by the current applied to determine the tissue impedance. By measuring the impedance of patient tissue and comparing the detected patient impedance to a normal value for the tissue from clinically normal tissue, a determination of whether the patient tissue is degraded and the extent of degradation is possible. Preferably, the impedance is measured using a probe with interdigitated electrodes. By changing which electrodes are utilized, the wavelength of the current distribution changes, allowing the probe to image depth dependent focal lesions.Type: GrantFiled: February 2, 2001Date of Patent: May 11, 2004Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Steven Treppo, Alan J. Grodzinsky, Emerson Quan, Eliot Frank, David Bombard, David Breslau
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Publication number: 20040087869Abstract: The change in tissue impedance due to the change in the extracellular matrix that results from the degradation of cartilage is utilized to detect degradation of articular cartilage. A probe comprising electrodes is applies a current to the articular cartilage which results in a current distribution and electric field within the cartilage, along with an associated voltage drop across the electrodes. The amplitude of this voltage drop is then measured and divided by the current applied to determine the tissue impedance. By measuring the impedance of patient tissue and comparing the detected patient impedance to a normal value for the tissue from clinically normal tissue, a determination of whether the patient tissue is degraded and the extent of degradation is possible. Preferably, the impedance is measured using a probe with interdigitated electrodes. By changing which electrodes are utilized, the wavelength of the current distribution changes, allowing the probe to image depth dependent focal lesions.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 20, 2003Publication date: May 6, 2004Inventors: Steven Treppo, Alan J. Grodzinsky, Emerson Quan, Eliot Frank, David Bombard, David Breslau
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Publication number: 20030149376Abstract: The change in tissue impedance due to the change in the extracellular matrix that results from the degradation of cartilage is utilized to detect degradation of articular cartilage. A probe comprising electrodes is applies a current to the articular cartilage which results in a current distribution and electric field within the cartilage, along with an associated voltage drop across the electrodes. The amplitude of this voltage drop is then measured and divided by the current applied to determine the tissue impedance. By measuring the impedance of patient tissue and comparing the detected patient impedance to a normal value for the tissue from clinically normal tissue, a determination of whether the patient tissue is degraded and the extent of degradation is possible. Preferably, the impedance is measured using a probe with interdigitated electrodes. By changing which electrodes are utilized, the wavelength of the current distribution changes, allowing the probe to image depth dependent focal lesions.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 19, 2002Publication date: August 7, 2003Inventors: Steven Treppo, Alan J. Grodzinsky, Emerson Quan, Eliot Frank, David Bombard, David Breslau
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Publication number: 20020045838Abstract: The change in tissue impedance due to the change in the extracellular matrix that results from the degradation of cartilage is utilized to detect degradation of articular cartilage. A probe comprising electrodes is applies a current to the articular cartilage which results in a current distribution and electric field within the cartilage, along with an associated voltage drop across the electrodes. The amplitude of this voltage drop is then measured and divided by the current applied to determine the tissue impedance. By measuring the impedance of patient tissue and comparing the detected patient impedance to a normal value for the tissue from clinically normal tissue, a determination of whether the patient tissue is degraded and the extent of degradation is possible. Preferably, the impedance is measured using a probe with interdigitated electrodes. By changing which electrodes are utilized, the wavelength of the current distribution changes, allowing the probe to image depth dependent focal lesions.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 2, 2001Publication date: April 18, 2002Inventors: Steven Treppo, Alan J. Grodzinsky, Emerson Quan, Eliot Frank, David Bombard, David Breslau
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Patent number: 5246013Abstract: A surface probe is disclosed for use in detecting the degree of degeneration in mammalian tissue. The surface probe comprises in combination with each other surface probe means for applying to a surface of the mammalian tissue a force which affects an electrokinetic parameter indicative of the amount of charged specie involved in tissue degeneration and surface detection means for detecting the electrokinetic parameter at the same surface of the mammalian tissue. A method is disclosed for detecting the degree of degeneration in mammalian tissues. Further, a system for diagnosing degenerative changes in cartilage tissue is disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: January 7, 1992Date of Patent: September 21, 1993Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Eliot H. Frank, Evan P. Salant, Alan J. Grodzinsky
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Patent number: 5085749Abstract: This invention pertains to a method of dynamically controlling the transport of a molecule across a polyelectrolyte membrane whereby chemical modulation of the electrostatic swelling forces in the polyelectrolyte membrane results in large changes in permeability and selectivity and a transmembrane electric field having electroosmotic, electrophoretic and electrostatic effects combine to allow the selective transport of the molecule across the membrane.Type: GrantFiled: July 24, 1989Date of Patent: February 4, 1992Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Paul E. Grimshaw, Alan J. Grodzinsky, Martin L. Yarmush
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Patent number: 4161013Abstract: An electro-mechanochemical device wherein a polyelectrolyte film formed of fixed-charge, molecular groups immersed in an aqueous electrolyte comprising mobile ions is subjected to an electric field which acts to control the internal profile of mobile ions inside the polyelectrolyte film in such a way that the arrangement of the molecules that form the matrix of said film is affected.Type: GrantFiled: May 23, 1977Date of Patent: July 10, 1979Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Alan J. Grodzinsky, Norman A. Shoenfeld