Abstract: The disclosure concerns bacterial cell counting devices, systems and methods thereof. The bacterial cell counting device comprises at least one cartridge for containing reagents; an inlet for introducing a sample containing bacterial cells into the device; an optofluidic chip separately in fluid communication with the cartridge and the inlet; a filter strip passing through the optofluidic chip and in fluid communication with the cartridge and the inlet, the filter strip for trapping or retaining bacterial cells on its surface such that the bacterial cells can interact with the reagents as they flow through the filter strip; and a controller for controlling a sequential flow of reagents and sample to the filter strip via the optofluidic chip. The optofluidic chip is capable of detecting a colorimetric and/or fluorescence output emitted from the bacterial cells modified by the reagents in order for the bacterial cells to be quantified relative to a control.

Abstract: A method of generating a layout data file for a metasurface device is disclosed. At a radial position of a metasurface device, the method determines a primitive cell of a first level having a metasurface feature pattern that is repeated around an arc corresponding to a circumference at the radial position. The method generates metasurface structures of higher levels. Each metasurface structure of a higher level includes multiple references to a structure or a primitive cell of a next lower level. The method stores at least a portion of a layout of the metasurface device to a layout data file. The layout includes references to metasurface structures of two or more of the higher levels.

Abstract: A collection of optical sub-elements can be arranged sequentially, such that they share a common optical axis through which light propagates. Each of these optical sub-elements can alter a phase, an amplitude, or a polarization of incident light, by virtue of its surface curvature, such as, for example, in a refractive optical element, or using microscale and nanoscale structures, such as, for example, in a diffractive optical element. One or more of these optical sub-elements can be rotated to tune one or more parameters, such as focal power, of the complete device.

Abstract: An electrically-variable optical device includes a planar optical element (POE) and at least one electromechanical layer. The POE includes at least one optical layer. The at least one electromechanical layer is configured to spatially deform the POE to change an optical parameter of the POE. The at least one electromechanical layer may include a dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) which includes electrodes and an elastomeric spacer between the electrodes. An electric field may be introduced between the electrodes to deform the spacer, which in turn deforms the POE.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an optical device and the associated optical device are disclosed. The optical device includes a metasurface and a substrate that are integrally formed by the same materials. The method comprises: forming a photoresist mask on a substrate, the photoresist mask defining a metasurface pattern based on an optical profile of a target optical device; generating metasurface features on the substrate, by etching away a portion of the substrate that is not covered by the photoresist mask; and producing the target optical device having the metasurface features, by removing the photoresist mask, wherein the metasurface features include a portion of a material of the substrate.

Abstract: A method of generating a layout data file for a metasurface device is disclosed. At a radial position of a metasurface device, the method determines a primitive cell of a first level having a metasurface feature pattern that is repeated around an arc corresponding to a circumference at the radial position. The method generates metasurface structures of higher levels. Each metasurface structure of a higher level includes multiple references to a structure or a primitive cell of a next lower level. The method stores at least a portion of a layout of the metasurface device to a layout data file. The layout includes references to metasurface structures of two or more of the higher levels.

Abstract: An apparatus for polarization state generation and phase control includes a Stokes Basis generator to generate multiple Stokes Bases from one or more input beams, an intensity modulator to modulate an intensity of each of the Stokes Bases, and a beam combiner to combine the modulated Stokes Bases into an output beam. A method of polarization state generation and phase control includes generating multiple Stokes Bases from an input beam; modulating an intensity of each of Stokes Bases; and combining the modulated Stokes Bases into an output beam.