Abstract: Methods of treating CMP wastewater comprising azoles are disclosed. The method includes providing the wastewater having a first azole concentration, introducing the wastewater to an inlet of a wastewater treatment system constructed and arranged to produce and introduce free radicals into the wastewater, and activating the wastewater treatment system to produce and introduce the free radicals into the wastewater in an amount sufficient to reduce the azole concentration in the wastewater and produce treated water having a second azole concentration, less than the first azole concentration. Methods of facilitating treatment of CMP wastewater comprising azoles by providing a water treatment system constructed and arranged to produce and introduce free radicals into the wastewater are disclosed.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal display device has a cell comprising a layer of cholesteric liquid crystal material and an active matrix addressing arrangement. The active matrix addressing arrangement is used to drive the liquid crystal material into the planar state and the homeotropic state. To achieve grey levels, the active matrix addressing arrangement is scanned with a plural number of scans (50) in each video period TF and the relative time during which the pixels are driven into the planar and homeotropic states is controlled in accordance with the image data (51, 52).

Abstract: A display device comprises a substrate; an array of display pixels arranged on the substrate in rows and columns, a first and last row being at the top and bottom of the array, the outer shape of the array being nonrectangular; a plurality of row conductors, each row conductor being connected to a respective row of pixels, and a plurality of column conductors, each column conductor being connected to a respective column of pixels, the column conductors extending outside the array; and a plurality of row conductor spurs, each row conductor spur being parallel to the column conductors and extending from a respective row conductor, wherein the spur for the first row extends to the outside of the array; the spurs for the second row to an intermediate row extend to one side of the spur for the first row; and the spurs for the row after the intermediate row to the last row extend to the other side of the spur for the first row.

Abstract: A field sequential colour display device has a light source arrangement (16) for providing at least two outputs (R, G, B) in sequence of different colour spectrum. The light source output intensity is controlled independently for each output; in dependence on analysis of the data for an image to be displayed. The brightness of each backlight colour output is thus adapted as a function of the image content, and this enables power savings to be obtained.

Abstract: An active matrix display device has column address circuitry for generating pixel drive signals. The column address circuitry has an output buffer for providing a pixel drive signal to a column conductor, and the positive and negative slew rates of the output buffer are different. By selecting the positive and negative slew rates independently in the design of the output buffer, the size of the transistors (54, 56), particularly those which pass the charging (or discharging) current of the column capacitance, can be kept to a minimum.

Abstract: An active matrix display panel comprises a substrate, array of pixel circuits being arranged in a matrix of at least one column and a plurality of rows on the substrate, each pixel circuit comprising a light-emitting element, capable of emitting light of an intensity determined by the value of a current passed through it, and at least one column line, each column line arranged to conduct a reference current, provided by a current driving circuit, when connected to the panel. The pixel circuits in a column are divided into a plurality of groups of at least one pixel circuit. The active matrix display panel comprises at least one current mirror circuit associated with a first group, comprising a first current mirror, arranged to mirror a reference current flowing through a column line to a first current mirror output.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic display device (1), comprising a display panel (10), a lenticular sheet (15) and an electrically controllable diffuser (80). The electrically controllable diffuser (80) comprises an optical medium (94), e.g. polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), with a structured surface (98) against an electro-optic medium (95), e.g. a small droplet polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) layer. The electro-optic material (95) refractive index is varied with an applied electric field (or zero field) and is switchable between at least (i) a value (n2) substantially matching that of the optical medium (94), which provides a substantially non-diffusing mode, hence 3D operation of the display device, and (ii) a value (n1) different to that of the optical medium (94) hence causing refraction at the structured surface (98), the structured surface (98) providing different refraction angles (?0) so as to provide an overall diffusing effect, hence 2D operation.

Abstract: An active matrix display has a column driver for providing signals to the pixels for driving the display elements, the column driver comprising digital to analogue converter circuitry providing a first number of display element drive levels. Within each pixel, the first number of display element drive levels is converted into a second, greater number, of pixel grey levels. This combines multi-level digital to analogue conversion with in-pixel level generation and enables the complexity of the DACs to be reduced so that they can be integrated onto the display substrate, for example using low temperature polysilicon processing.

Abstract: Each pixel of an active matrix electroluminescent display device has a first amorphous silicon drive transistor for intermittently driving a current through the display element and a second amorphous silicon drive transistor for intermittently driving a current through the display element. The aging effect of amorphous silicon TFTs can be reduced by sharing the driving of the display element between two drive transistors. Providing a duty cycle reduces the on-time for each drive transistor, but also provides a period during which there can be some recovery of the TFT characteristics.

Abstract: An IC arrangement (200) has a plurality of IC modules (220a, 220b), the individual IC modules (220a, 220b) being coupled between a first power line (202) and a second power line (204) via a voltage generator (240a, 240b). The voltage generators (240a, 240b) are powered via the first power line (202) and the second power line (204) and are arranged to regenerate a reference voltage on a reference power line (106) for providing the IC modules (220a, 220b) with the regenerated voltage on respective internal power lines (222a, 222b). A feedback loop (242a, 242b) from the internal power lines (222a, 222b) to the voltage generator (240a, 240b) ensures that the voltage on the internal power lines (222a, 222b) remains substantially constant, even if substantial current fluctuations on the first power line (202), the second power line (204) or the internal power line (222a, 222b) occur. The IC arrangement (200) is particularly suitable as a driver circuit for a matrix array device.

Abstract: A touch sensitive active martix display device has an array of capacitive display element pixels (16), each associated with a pixel storage capacitor (20) and a pixel transistor. One or more common electrode contacts (18a) are provided and connected to a terminal of a plurality of the display elements (16). Each common electrode contact is individually connectable to a charge measurement device (50) for measuring a flow of charge to the common electrode contact. The charge flowing through the capacitive display element can thus be measured while the pixel transistor is switched off. This flow of charge represents the transfer of charge between the pixel storage capacitor (20) and the display element (16) and results from a change in capacitance, and is therefore indicative of a touch input.

Abstract: In an active matrix electroluminescent display device, an overall brightness level of an image to be displayed in a frame period is determined. A drive transistor of each pixel is controlled in dependence on an input drive signal for the pixel and on the overall brightness level, for example using a signal processor (30) to vary the pixel drive signals. This arrangement can control the pixels to limit the maximum currents drawn by the pixels, thereby limiting the cross talk effects resulting from voltage drops along row or column conductors. If an image is bright, the pixel drive levels across the image (or at least a part of the image) can be reduced, so that the maximum brightness is reduced.

Abstract: In a touch sensor the change in pixel impedance is measured from the sensing area directly (passive matrix) or through the address transistors (AMLCD) associated with the sensing area.

Abstract: A telecommunications circuit provisioning and administration system includes an access request management component which receives access service requests for a plurality of different types of telecommunications circuits, processes the access service requests, and produces provisioning data packets containing information relating to the requested telecommunications circuits. An interface is connected to the access request management component for transmitting information to and from the access request management component. The interface is capable of providing communication between mainframe computer systems and mid-range distributed systems. A circuit administration component is connected to the interface and receives the provisioning data packets from the access request management component.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal colour display device having a row and column array of red, green and blue picture elements (12) in which each column comprises picture elements of a respective colour and in which the picture elements are each associated with a switching element (14), e.g. a TFT or MIM, and are driven via sets of crossing address conductors (20,22) with each row of picture elements being connected with a conductor (22) of one set and each conductor of the other set being connected to one picture element in each row and in different columns, as in a so-called delta configuration display, each conductor (20) of the other set is arranged, for example in zig-zag fashion, so as to connect with picture elements in at least three, and preferably seven, successive columns. A reduction in vertical cross-talk effects is then obtained particularly when using preferred line inversion drive schemes.