Abstract: A linear, universal modular absorber for wave energy conversion having a linear module incorporating two subassemblies: an actuated subassembly and a reference subassembly. The linear module contains a direct drive linear machine for converting linear mechanical motion into electrical energy. The linear module may be used between any two oscillating mechanical bodies, exploiting their relative motion, and adapting to the mechanical characteristics of the larger system in which it is deployed.

Abstract: A Vernier permanent magnet linear generator employs a translator having a plurality of translator modules oriented in a vertical array. At least a portion of the plurality of translator modules has permanent magnets. Supports at lateral edges of the plurality of translator modules and a rod connected to the supports attach the translator to a driving element. The driving element reciprocating the translator in a longitudinal direction. Two stators are supported on a reaction body oppositely spaced from the vertical array of translator modules by an air gap and offset by one half slot pitch. The stators have three phase integral-slot stator windings magnetically interacting with a magnetic field induced by the permanent magnets. A slot depth of the stators is configured such that an 11th harmonic component of the magnetic field is saturated at a multiple value of a 1st harmonic component.

Abstract: A wave energy converter incorporates a floating body and a reaction body engaging the floating body wherein the reaction body is static or oscillating out of phase relative to the floating body. A power take-off (PTO) has at least one direct drive linear generator, a high level controller responsive to sensors engaged to the direct drive linear generator and providing a PTO force change command (dFPTO) and a low level controller receiving the PTO force change command and providing control signals to power electronics connected to the direct drive linear generator. The direct drive linear generator is operable responsive to the control signals to achieve optimal power extraction performance with high force at low speed with operation in two physical directions and operating as both a motor and a generator for a total of four quadrants of control.

Abstract: A Vernier permanent magnet linear generator employs a translator having a plurality of translator modules oriented in a vertical array. At least a portion of the plurality of translator modules has permanent magnets. Supports at lateral edges of the plurality of translator modules and a rod connected to the supports attach the translator to a driving element. The driving element reciprocating the translator in a longitudinal direction. Two stators are supported on a reaction body oppositely spaced from the vertical array of translator modules by an air gap and offset by one half slot pitch. The stators have three phase integral-slot stator windings magnetically interacting with a magnetic field induced by the permanent magnets. A slot depth of the stators is configured such that an 11th harmonic component of the magnetic field is saturated at a multiple value of a 1st harmonic component.

Abstract: A wave energy converter incorporates a floating body and a reaction body engaging the floating body wherein the reaction body is static or oscillating out of phase relative to the floating body. A power take-off (PTO) has at least one direct drive linear generator, a high level controller responsive to sensors engaged to the direct drive linear generator and providing a PTO force change command (dFPTO) and a low level controller receiving the PTO force change command and providing control signals to power electronics connected to the direct drive linear generator. The direct drive linear generator is operable responsive to the control signals to achieve optimal power extraction performance with high force at low speed with operation in two physical directions and operating as both a motor and a generator for a total of four quadrants of control.