Abstract: Photoelectron emission mapping systems for use with EUV (extreme ultraviolet) mask inspection and lithography systems are described. The mapping systems may be used to provide photoelectron emission maps for EUV photolithography masks and/or EUV mirrors. The systems use EUV photoelectron sources used for mask inspection or photolithography to impinge EUV light on the masks and/or mirrors. The EUV light generates photoelectron on the surfaces of the mask and/or mirrors and the photoelectrons are collected and analyzed by detectors placed away from optical spaces of the EUV chamber.

Abstract: Photoelectron emission mapping systems for use with EUV (extreme ultraviolet) mask inspection and lithography systems are described. The mapping systems may be used to provide photoelectron emission maps for EUV photolithography masks and/or EUV mirrors. The systems use EUV photoelectron sources used for mask inspection or photolithography to impinge EUV light on the masks and/or mirrors. The EUV light generates photoelectron on the surfaces of the mask and/or mirrors and the photoelectrons are collected and analyzed by detectors placed away from optical spaces of the EUV chamber.

Abstract: In security printing apparatus for attaching a foil imprint of predetermined shape to stock (10) such as bank note sheets, a tape (8; 108)) carrying foil to be printed and a layer of hot-melt adhesive is conveyed with the stock past a heated printing roll (2; 102). In order to allow high printing speeds the adhesive is at least partially activated by pre-heating just prior to printing. The pre-heating means may comprise hot air, radiation or heated guide means for the foil carrier web. Details of pattern or shape may be etched on the foil, either before or after printing, by means of laser beam, the details being defined by a mask moving with the foil.

Abstract: Transverse cuts are made in a web using a cutter/anvil combination which is subjected to high frequency vibration, preferable ultrasound. In one arrangement, particularly for cutting tea bag webs, a rotary cutter drum (4) cooperates with an ultrasonically-vibrated anvil 12. The web may be simultaneously sealed and cut by means of a modified drum (202) having sealer/cutter elements (208, 210). In other arrangements, particularly for cutting cork paper on a machine for assembling filter cigarettes, the paper is severed on a drum (106, 122, 192, 350) cooperating with an ultrasonically-vibrated anvil (110, 194, 312) or directly on an ultrasonically-vibrated drum (144, 160, 170, 180).