Abstract: An electronic stethoscope emulates the frequency response of a standard acoustical stethoscope in both bell and diaphragm modes, while providing additional features attainable only with an electronic stethoscope, such as signal amplification, noise reduction, wider bandwidth, and mode selection. The electronic stethoscope includes spectrally separate idealized diaphragm and idealized bell modes. The idealized diaphragm mode and the idealized bell mode each include emphasized passbands and de-emphasized passbands. The emphasized passbands are spectrally separate. In addition, the electronic stethoscope also includes a wideband mode, which permits the user to hear high frequency sounds such as those associated with mechanical heart valves, lung sounds, and the like.

Abstract: A stethoscope chestpiece is disclosed having an acoustic-to-electrical transducer residing within the acoustic pathway of the chestpiece. The transducer resides within a mounting that can provide shock attenuation and vibration isolation. The transducer preferably resides within a coaxial position in the acoustic pathway. The chestpiece is useful in a stethoscope which can be electrically connected to auscultation systems.

Abstract: A stethoscope chestpiece is disclosed having an acoustic-to-electrical transducer residing within the acoustic pathway of the chestpiece. The transducer resides within a mounting that can provide shock attenuation and vibration isolation. The transducer preferably resides within a coaxial position in the acoustic pathway. The chestpiece is useful in a stethoscope which can be electrically connected to auscultation systems.

Abstract: An ergonometric chestpiece for a stethoscope adapted to receive auscultatory sounds from a body and adapted to be coupled to an earpiece for a user. The chestpiece is adapted to be grasped by a thumb and at least one finger of the user. The chestpiece has a bottom surface which is generally planar and is adapted to be placed near the body for receiving the auscultatory sounds. The chestpiece has an upper portion opposite the bottom surface. The upper portion has a raised center portion defining left and right indented gripping surfaces which form recesses defined by the left and right indented gripping surfaces and by a surface generally parallel to but opposite the bottom surface. The left and right indented gripping surfaces are adapted to receive the thumb and at least one finger of the user, respectively. The indented gripping surfaces have indented impressions adapted to be easily, securely and comfortably grasped by the thumb and fingers of the user.

Abstract: Apparatus and electrical circuitry are provided for electrical devices in order to provide electrical isolation of exposed electrical contacts on at least one of multiple modules of the electrical device. The apparatus includes at least one actuating component in one module and at least one sensor component within a second module in electrical communication with electrical circuitry, whereby electrical isolation of the exposed electrical contacts ceases when the sensor apparatus senses a desired location of the module. Placement of the apparatus and electrical circuitry to reside within the modules promotes electrical safety while minimizing tampering with safety aspects of the device. The apparatus and circuitry are useful for medical devices such as handheld diagnostic devices and consumer devices such as telephones.

Abstract: Apparatus and electrical circuitry are provided for electrical devices in order to provide electrical isolation of exposed electrical contacts on at least one of multiple modules of the electrical device. The apparatus includes at least one actuating component in one module and at least one sensor component within a second module in electrical communication with electrical circuitry, whereby electrical isolation of the exposed electrical contacts ceases when the sensor apparatus senses a desired location of the module. Placement of the apparatus and electrical circuitry to reside within the modules promotes electrical safety while minimizing tampering with safety aspects of the device. The apparatus and circuitry are useful for medical devices such as handheld diagnostic devices and consumer devices such as telephones.

Abstract: An electronic stethoscope which is adapted to receive auscultatory sounds from a body, is adapted to transmit the auscultatory sounds to a user, or other medical device which is adapted to be powered by a battery. The stethoscope has a chestpiece adapted to utilized in cooperation with the body, an acoustical transducer cooperating with the chestpiece for receiving the auscultatory sounds and transforming the auscultatory sounds into an electrical input signal. The stethoscope or medical device has an electronic processor for processing the electrical signal. The stethoscope has a speaker for converting the electrical output signal into an acoustical output signal and an earpiece receiving the acoustical output signal and providing the acoustical output signal to the user. The chestpiece (or housing of the medical device) has a cavity adapted to contain the battery.

Abstract: A binaural electronic stethoscope adapted to receive auscultatory sounds from a body and adapted to transmit the auscultatory sounds to a user. A chestpiece is adapted to be utilized in cooperation with the body. An acoustical transducer cooperates with the chestpiece and receives auscultatory sounds and transforms the auscultatory sounds into an electrical input signal. A signal processor processes the electrical input signal to produce an electrical output signal. A first tubular member couples the chestpiece to a housing. A speaker is mounted within the housing and converts the electrical output signal into an acoustical output signal. Second and third tubular members are coupled to the housing and are acoustically coupled to the speaker. First and second earpieces are coupled to the second and third tubular members, respectively, and receive the acoustical output signal and provide the acoustical output signal to the user.

Abstract: Apparatus and electrical circuitry are provided for electrical devices in order to provide electrical isolation of exposed electrical contacts on at least one of multiple modules of the electrical device. The apparatus includes at least one actuating component in one module and at least one sensor component within a second module in electrical communication with electrical circuitry, whereby electrical isolation of the exposed electrical contacts ceases when the sensor apparatus senses a desired location of the module. Placement of the apparatus and electrical circuitry to reside within the modules promotes electrical safety while minimizing tampering with safety aspects of the device. The apparatus and circuitry are useful for medical devices such as handheld diagnostic devices and consumer devices such as telephones.

Abstract: An ergonometric chestpiece for a stethoscope adapted to receive auscultatory sounds from a body and adapted to be coupled to an earpiece for a user. The chestpiece is adapted to be grasped by a thumb and at least one finger of the user. The chestpiece has a bottom surface which is generally planar and is adapted to be placed near the body for receiving the auscultatory sounds. The chestpiece has an upper portion opposite the bottom surface. The upper portion has a raised center portion defining left and right gripping surfaces which form recesses defined by the left and right gripping surfaces and by a surface generally parallel to but opposite the bottom surface. The left and right gripping surfaces are adapted to receive the thumb and the at least one finger of the user.

Abstract: A biological tissue stimulator having a time-shared logic element alternately supplying switching signals to a step-up voltage circuit powered from a low-voltage power source and supplying a plurality of amplitude timing signals to an output circuit utilizing the high-voltage output from the step-up voltage circuit. A high-voltage storage device is utilized to store the voltage generated in the step-up voltage circuit until it can be utilized by the output circuit.

Abstract: An ergonometric transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator especially designed for dysmenorrhea and low back pain. The ergonometric factors include a housing containing the electrical circuit, the housing being of a generally flattened disk shape with well rounded edges. A first power switch is located on a side edge of the housing, and one or more rocker switches controlling the amplitude of the current stimulation pulses to be supplied by one or more channels from the stimulator are mounted on a side edge of the housing. The housing of the stimulator has one or more attachment points on the side edge of the housing to allow for connection of the housing to a body or garment strap.

Abstract: An electrical stimulator for biological tissue utilizing an output current monitor. A drive circuit supplies a transformer output stage with the secondary winding of the transformer coupled across the electrode adapted to be connected to biological tissue. A current monitor and a reference impedance, being substantially greater than the load impedance, are coupled in series with each other and in parallel with the secondary winding and the electrode. In one embodiment, an additional current monitor is coupled in conjunction with the primary winding of the transformer and a comparator is used to compare currents measured by both current monitors.

Abstract: An electrical stimulator for biological tissue having remote control. A remote element communicates an operator response to the electrical stimulator. A control element samples the communication from the remote element and adjusts one or more of certain of sets of stimulus parameters maintained in a storage element and utilizes the adjusted stimulus parameters to generate an electrical stimulus signal or utilizes the communciation from the remote element to trigger the generation of an electrical stimulus signal based upon the stored stimulus parameters.

Abstract: An electrical stimulator for biological tissue utilizing a linear current output circuit. A digital-to-analog circuit converts a digital output word to an analog value and feeds a current amplifier having negative feedback. The output current of the amplifier is transformer driven through a push-pull transistor network. A reference impedance provides a voltage indicative of the current output which is fed back to an operational amplifier.