Abstract: A compound is disclosed that has a metal coordination complex structure having at least two ligands coordinated to the metal; wherein the compound has a first substituent R1 at one of the ligands' periphery; wherein a first distance is defined as the distance between the metal and one of the atoms in R1 where that atom is the farthest away from the metal among the atoms in R1; wherein the first distance is also longer than any other atom-to-metal distance between the metal and any other atoms in the compound; and wherein when a sphere having a radius r is defined whose center is at the metal and the radius r is the smallest radius that will allow the sphere to enclose all atoms in the compound that are not part of R1, the first distance is longer than the radius r by at least 2.9 ?.

Abstract: A heavy duty diesel piston includes upper and lower portions joined across a friction weld and internally contoured to provide a dual gallery structure including an outer annular gallery and a central gallery joined by passages for communicating cooling oil therebetween. The dual-gallery structure allows oil to enter from the outer gallery, which is formed by the circumferential annular recess in the crown and crown bottom, into the central gallery to cool the piston and particularly the central crown region exposed to hot combustion gases. The friction weld provides high structural integrity and minimizes the number of manufacturing steps needed to attach the crown to the crown bottom.

Abstract: A heavy duty diesel piston includes upper and lower portions joined across a friction weld and internally contoured to provide a dual gallery structure including an outer annular gallery and a central gallery joined by passages for communicating cooling oil therebetween. The dual-gallery structure allows oil to enter from the outer gallery, which is formed by the circumferential annular recess in the crown and crown bottom, into the central gallery to cool the piston and particularly the central crown region exposed to hot combustion gases. The friction weld provides high structural integrity and minimizes the number of manufacturing steps needed to attach the crown to the crown bottom.

Abstract: A heavy duty diesel piston includes upper and lower portions joined across a friction weld and internally contoured to provide a dual gallery structure including an outer annular gallery and a central gallery joined by passages for communicating cooling oil therebetween. The dual-gallery structure allows oil to enter from the outer gallery, which is formed by the circumferential annular recess in the crown and crown bottom, into the central gallery to cool the piston and particularly the central crown region exposed to hot combustion gases. The friction weld provides high structural integrity and minimizes the number of manufacturing steps need to attach the crown to the crown bottom.

Abstract: A piston (20) for an internal combustion engine includes an upper crown (22) and a lower crown (24) that are each fabricated using a same strong material, such as steel and fastened together using a plurality of fasteners (50). The piston (20) provides increased strength resulting in improved design flexibility and smaller sized engines that produce the same amount of power. Piston ring grooves (100, 102, 104) are also provided in either one or both of the upper and lower crowns (22, 24) which control piston combustion height. A deeper combustion bowl (72) is also available with the piston (20).

Abstract: A piston (20) for an internal combustion engine includes an upper crown (22) and a lower crown (24) that are each fabricated using a same strong material, such as steel and fastened together using a plurality of fasteners (50). The piston (20) provides increased strength resulting in improved design flexibility and smaller sized engines that produce the same amount of power. Piston ring grooves (100, 102, 104) are also provided in either one or both of the upper and lower crowns (22, 24) which control piston combustion height. A deeper combustion bowl (72) is also available with the piston (20).

Abstract: A piston (20) for an engine having a crown portion (22) that contains a generally closed cooling chamber (58) that communicates with a cooling fluid source by a cooling bore (74) formed in a pin ear (60, 62). A tube portion (80) is located along the cooling bore (74) and cooperates with the cooling bore (74) to provide a continuous inlet passageway (88) to the cooling chamber (58).

Abstract: An articulated piston for use in heavy duty diesel engines including a piston crown having an outer surface, a peripheral pending side wall and an inner surface having a pair of pin bosses extending downwardly from the inner surface with the inner surface and the pin bosses defining a hollow cooling cavity opening downwardly and extending about a circumference of the piston crown and a piston skirt with the piston skirt including a first longitudinal plane containing a pair of diametrically opposed bores for receiving a wrist pin for connection to the bosses of the crown and defining two semi-cylindrical thrust and non thrust surfaces of the skirt with a thickness of the non thrust surface being less than a thickness of the thrust surface and a second longitudinal plane, perpendicular to the first plane thereby dividing the piston skirt into four peripheral quarters.

Abstract: An articulated piston for use in heavy duty diesel engines including a piston crown having an outer surface, a peripheral pending side wall and an inner surface having a pair of pin bosses extending downwardly from the inner surface with the inner surface and the pin bosses defining a hollow cooling cavity opening downwardly and extending about a circumference of the piston crown and a piston skirt with the piston skirt including a first longitudinal plane containing a pair of diametrically opposed bores for receiving a wrist pin for connection to the bosses of the crown and defining two semi-cylindrical thrust and non thrust surfaces of the skirt with a thickness of the non thrust surface being less than a thickness of the thrust surface and a second longitudinal plane, perpendicular to the first plane thereby dividing the piston skirt into four peripheral quarters.

Abstract: For percutaneous fixation of a hollow organ of a body, a hollow needle carrying a retaining device attached to a tension filament through the skin into the hollow organ, the retaining device is released from the needle, and the organ is fixed by adjusting the tension on the filament and clamping the filament outside the body by means bearing upon the exterior of the body.

Abstract: For percutaneous fixation of a hollow organ of a body, a hollow needle carrying a retaining device attached to a tension filament through the skin into the hollow organ, the retaining device is released from the needle, and the organ is fixed by adjusting the tension on the filament and clamping the filament outside the body by means bearing upon the exterior of the body.