Abstract: In accordance with the principles of the present invention, fluid is treated with MCM-41 amended with a metallic reducing agent. The iron undergoes anaerobic corrosion and produces hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas is used at the MCM-41 to carry out dehalogenation reactions. The body of metal containing MCM-41 amended with a metallic reducing agent can be much thinner than conventional bodies of metal and therefore easier to install. In one embodiment the treated fluid can be water while in another embodiment the treated fluid can be a gas. A body of metal containing MCM-41 amended with a metallic reducing agent can be placed below the ground surface to treat contaminated groundwater in-situ. For pumped fluid, in one embodiment treatment units as small in size as a water softener can allow for treatment of relatively high flow rates of pumped contaminated fluid.

Abstract: Compositions in accordance with the principles of the present invention comprise a compressed mixture of fibrous organic materials and multi-valent metals used to remove organic chemical contaminants. The compositions are made into a pre-shaped, compressed form used to form a permeable reactive barrier for decontamination of soils, sediments, sludges, and waters containing environmental pollutants. The compressed mixture, comprising the fibrous organic particles and one or more multivalent metallic particles, is formed into reactive pellets, granules, and other pre-shaped structures for use in constructing a reactive barrier, typically for use in a contaminated environment or in an industrial process. By way of example, the pre-shaped structure may be used to construct a reactive barrier to remove halogenated organic chemical contaminants, nitroaromatic organic contaminants, or certain inorganic contaminants from various terrestrial and aquatic based ecosystems.

Abstract: In accordance with the principles of the present invention, methods and apparatuses are provided for practically complete removal of one or more electron acceptors (excluding oxygen) from waters of various origins, while ensuring that an added excess of external carbon is also practically completely removed using biological treatment. A method applies to waters that contain the target electron acceptor and a deficiency of carbon. One application of this method is the practically complete removal of nitrate from domestic wastewater (septic wastewater) while practically completely removing the added excess of external carbon, thus practically eliminating any increase of the biological oxygen demand of the water. Another method applies to waters that contain constituents that are potentially convertible to the target electron acceptor and may contain original carbon.