Abstract: An electrically insulating valve includes a body housing a valve mechanism. The body has first and second openings in communication with the valve mechanism. The body is adapted to attach to a first pipe so that the first opening is in communication with the first pipe. An electrically insulating insert having a passage there through is connected to the body so that the passage is in communication with the second opening. The electrically insulating insert is also adapted to be attached to a second pipe.

Abstract: An electrically insulating valve includes a body housing a valve mechanism. The body has first and second openings in communication with the valve mechanism. The body is adapted to attach to a first pipe so that the first opening is in communication with the first pipe. An electrically insulating insert having a passage there through is connected to the body so that the passage is in communication with the second opening. The electrically insulating insert is also adapted to he attached to a second pipe.

Abstract: A Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling end-point detection system uses a constant current power supply to energize an Integrated Circuit (IC) that is to be modified. The FIB is cycled over a conductive trace that is to be accessed during the milling process. The input power, or voltage to the IC is monitored during the milling process. The end-point can be detected when the FIB reaches the conductive trace. The FIB can inject charge onto the conductive trace when the FIB reaches the level of the conductive trace. An active device coupled to the conductive trace can amplify the charge injected by the FIB. The active device can operate as a current amplifier. The change in IC current can result in an amplified change in device input voltage. The end-point can be detected by monitoring the change in input voltage from the constant current power supply.