Abstract: Devices and methods for delivering a chemical compound to, through or into a membrane, tissue or layer are provided. The device may include an AC signal source and at least one electrode. In one application, an interdigitated electrode may be electrically connected to the AC signal source. In one application, the chemical compound such as a medicament containing a drug may be disposed on or within the electrode and logic may control the AC signal source to provide the signal, including setting or selecting characteristics such as voltage, frequency and the like to orient and/or motivate an amount of the chemical compound through the electrode and into the tissue.

Abstract: An apparatus for delivering at least one therapeutic agent to a dental tissue of a subject includes at least one electrode, a medicament layer including at least one therapeutic agent, an electrical signal source, and logic configured to control the electrical signal source. At least one electrode has oppositely disposed, dental mouthpiece-shaped first and second major surfaces. The first major surface is curved such that the first major surface substantially conforms to the contour of the dental tissue when placed in contact with the dental tissue. The medicament layer is disposed on at least a portion of the second major surface. The electrical signal source provides a signal having certain characteristics and is electrically connected to at least one electrode. The certain characteristics comprise at least one orienting frequency and at least one motivating frequency sufficient to motivate at least one therapeutic agent into the dental tissue.

Abstract: Devices and methods for delivering a chemical compound to, through or into a membrane, tissue or layer are provided. The device may include an AC signal source and at least one electrode. In one application, an interdigitated electrode may be electrically connected to the AC signal source. In one application, the chemical compound such as a medicament containing a drug may be disposed on or within the electrode and logic may control the AC signal source to provide the signal, including setting or selecting characteristics such as voltage, frequency and the like to orient and/or motivate an amount of the chemical compound through the electrode and into the tissue.

Abstract: Emulsifiers are disclosed which comprise the reaction product of component (I) with component (II). Component (I) comprises the reaction product of certain carboxylic acids or anhydrides, or ester or amide derivatives thereof, with ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali and/or at least one alkaline-earth metal. Component (II) comprises certain phosphorus-containing acids; or metal salts of said phosphorus-containing acids, the metals being selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, chromium, manganese, iron, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, zinc, cadmium, aluminum, tin, lead, and mixtures of two or more thereof. These emulsifiers are useful in water-in-oil explosive emulsions.

Abstract: Emulsifiers are disclosed which comprise the reaction product of component (I) with component (II). Component (I) comprises the reaction product of certain carboxylic acids or anhydrides, or ester or amide derivatives thereof, with ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali and/or at least one alkaline-earth metal. Component (II) comprises certain phosphorus-containing acids; or metal salts of said phosphorus-containing acids, the metal being selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, chromium, manganese, iron, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, zinc, cadmium, aluminum, tin, lead, and mixtures of two or more thereof. These emulsifiers are useful in water-in-oil explosive emulsions.

Abstract: Emulsifiers are disclosed which comprise the reaction product of component (I) with component (II). Component (I) comprises the reaction product of certain carboxylic acids or anhydrides, or ester or amide derivatives thereof, with ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali and/or at least one alkaline-earth metal. Component (II) comprises certain phosphorous-containing acids; or metal salts of said phosphorous-containing acids, the metals being selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, chromium, manganese, iron, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver zinc, cadmium, aluminum, tin, lead, and mixtures of two or more thereof. These emulsifiers are useful in water-in-oil explosive emulsions.