Abstract: A system comprising a first expired drug usability device is provided. The first expired drug usability device comprises a first spectrometer and one or more first processors. The first processors are configured to: obtain at least one expired drug machine learning-artificial intelligence (ML-AI) model associated with a pharmaceutical drug; obtain drug expiration information of a sample of the pharmaceutical drug, wherein the drug expiration information comprises spectrometer data associated with using the first spectrometer on the sample; input the drug expiration information into the at least one expired drug ML-AI model to determine usability information associated with the sample of the pharmaceutical drug; and perform one or more actions based on the usability information.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved electrosurgical instruments and systems having electrocautery energy supply conductors that provide inhibited current leakage and methods of performing a robotically controlled minimally invasive surgical procedure while preventing unintended capacitive coupling. A surgical instrument generally comprises an elongate shaft having a proximal end and a distal end and defining an internal longitudinally extending passage. An electrocautery end effector is coupled to or disposed at the distal end of the shaft. An interface or tool base is coupled to or disposed at the proximal end of the shaft and removably connectable to the robotic surgical system. Typically, an independent electrical conductor extends from the interface to the end effector to transmit electrical energy to tissue engaged by the end effector. A sealed insulation tube extends within the passage and over the conductor. A separation is maintained between the sealed insulation tube and the conductor.