Abstract: A communication system for human communication comprises a sending computer system 11, a receiving computer system 21a and a translation web site 31. The sending system 11 is arranged, when sending a communication, to determine a first human perceptible language associated with the sender and a second human perceptible language associated with the recipient and, if the first and second languages are different, to send the communication to the translation system 31 for translation. The address of the receiving system is sent with the communication. The diverted communication is translated, and forwarded by the translation system 31 to the receiving system. If the first and second languages are the same, the communication is sent by the sending system 11 directly to the receiving system 21a. The receiving system checks the language of incoming communications against that of the recipient and, if necessary, sends the communication to the translation site 31 for translation and return.

Abstract: A method of sending data from a first party participating in a telephone call to a second party participating in the telephone call, comprising, in the terminal of the first party, storing, as a consequence of the telephone call, identifier data that identifies the second party; using the stored identifier data to determine automatically a destination address for a data message; and sending, during the telephone call, the data message with the automatically determined destination address. A method for sending data from a first party participating in a telephone call to a second party participating in the telephone call, comprising, in the terminal of the first party: providing, while the telephone call is on-going, a user selectable option to transfer data to another party participating in the telephone call without user specification of a destination address.

Abstract: A communication device for simultaneously transmitting information on multiple sub-channels encodes information for each of the multiple sub-channels with a coding scheme to produce channel encoded information. A mask vector derived from a redundancy in the coding scheme, encodes the channel encoded information to transform the channel encoded information into codewords having pairwise Euclidean distance properties identical to those of the channel encoded information, Modulation of the sub-channels in accordance with the codewords in a modulator then produces a composite signal envelope having a peak-to-mean error power ratio (PMEPR) reduced relative to a PMEPR for correspondingly modulated channel encoded information.

Abstract: A mining machine comprising a ranging drum having two operational positions adjacent to the mine roof and to the mine floor, respectively, is provided with machine steering equipment comprising a component having two operational modes associated with the two operational positions of the cutter head, respectively, actuator means for urging the component into one or other of the two operational modes, and sensor means for sensing the position of the component and for deriving a signal indicative of the sensed component position.