Abstract: A two stroke cycle engine has tiered cooling jackets in the cylinder block with upper and lower jackets separated by a diaphragm wall. Transfer openings in the diaphragm and downward portions of the lower jacket direct coolant flow around exhaust ports and preferentially along the exhaust port side of the engine cylinder openings. A cylinder head gasket controls outflow from the upper jacket to the cylinder head through transfer holes placed preferably on the exhaust side of the upper jacket to provide overall control of flow in the cooling jacket system.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle spark ignition cylinder fuel injection engine is provided with an exhaust emission control system that separately treats hot blowdown gases and uses the hot treated gases to warm the scavenging gases for further treatment. Various exhaust gas separation concepts are described for use in separating the blowdown and scavenging portions of the exhaust gas discharged from the cylinder exhaust ports.

Abstract: A master controller can be set by the driver in any of a range of forward drive positions D1 to D6 to pre-set upper and lower limits to the engine speed in any of a range of forward ratios such that any increase or reduction in vehicle speed which would cause the engine speed to exceed the upper limit or to fall below the lower limit of the setting chosen will result in an automatic shift to the next higher or to the next lower ratio respectively. Thus gear shifts occur at lower engine speeds in setting D1 than in setting D6. An additional setting B automatically brings about a shift to whatever ratio raises the engine speed nearest to the maximum safe limit to provide the maximum engine braking effect.

Abstract: A change-speed transmission in which gear-ratios are established by engagement of appropriate fluid-pressure operated friction brakes and clutches includes a manually-operable control for partially-engaging, to provide retardation of a vehicle, those friction brakes and/or clutches not in use at any time in establishing a particular gear-ratio. The control operates valves which ensure that the rates of power absorption per unit friction area in all partially-engaged brakes and/or clutches is approximately equal and that the degree of retardation so provided decreases with each down-shift of the transmission.

Abstract: Multi-ratio epicyclic change-speed gearing comprises at least three epicyclic gear trains or gear sets, with the planet carrier of the first gear set rotationally secured to the ring gear of the second gear set and an input is connected to the sun gear of the first gear set. Means are provided for holding the ring gear of the first gear set and/or the sun gear of the second gear set against driving reactions. The ring gear of the third gear set is rotationally secured to the planet carrier of the second gear set, the planet carrier of the third gear set is rotationally secured to the sun gear of the second gear set and further holding means are provided for holding the sun gear of the third gear set. As a result, the lower ratios are more widely spaced than the ratios nearer unity.

Abstract: Planetary gearing for vehicles such as earth-moving loaders gives a plurality of forward ratios and a plurality of reverse ratios each approximately equal to one of the forward ratios. The gearing has four planetary gear sets with input clutches selectively driving sun gears of the first and second sets. The output is connected to the planet carrier of the first set and to sun or ring gears of the third and fourth sets. One other element of the third set is connected to one other element of the fourth set and to releasable holding means. The remaining element of the fourth set is connected to the annulus of the first set of the planet carrier of the second set.