Abstract: High pressure fluid systems, such as fuel injection systems for an engine or hydraulic controls, often experience high pressure fluctuations which can cause cavitation in the system components plus secondary fuel injection in the fuel systems. Apparatus (10) is provided for dampening the pressures in such systems, as well as filtering the fluid. The apparatus (10) has a filtering element (36) which does not substantially restrict fluid flow but is movable in response to pressure waves in the fluid which are directed onto the filtering element (36). The filtering element (36) thereby filters the fluid and tends to dampen the effects of the pressure waves, which create the pressure fluctuations, by resisting their movement through the fluid system.

Abstract: PCT No. PCT/US79/01091 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 30, 1979 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 30, 1979 PCT Filed Nov. 30, 1979Loss of valve opening pressure (VOP) attributed to wear of contacting portions in fuel injection nozzle valves (22) is limited due to provision of a valve tip (38) having a lower portion (38a) which repetitively engages only a lower portion (40a) of a valve seat (40). Advantageous wear of the engaging portions increases the seating area but reduces the effective differential area for fuel pressure to act against, thus reducing the need for increased pressure to open or unseat the valve (22). Increased clearance results in less wear between a reciprocating valve (36) and a cooperating guide (34) which also contributes to reduced (VOP) loss during the life of such nozzle valves (22).

Abstract: Brake horsepower of an internal combustion engine is determined rapidly and without necessarily removing the engine from a vehicle or other work installation and without requiring a complex test installation such as a dynamometer. It has been found that the power output of an engine at a specific engine speed and constant load, is a function of the rate of fuel consumption by the engine provided that certain readily detectable engine malfunctions are absent. A compact instrument, preferably using digital circuits to provide a horsepower readout, is coupled to the engine through a digitizing flow meter disposed in the engine fuel line and through a digitizing tachometer coupled to a rotating element of the engine, the instrument also having means connected to the engine to assure that readings are taken only under substantially constant load conditions.

Abstract: A fuel injector including a hollow nozzle having a spray tip with at least one interior conical surface with an apex terminating in a spherical surface, a plurality of injection openings in the nozzle tip and extending from the interior conical surface and/or spherical surface on extended radii of the spherical surface, the extremities of the openings remote from the spherical surface defining a plane, and a reciprocal valve within the nozzle and having a frusto-conical valve tip terminating in a flat end and seatable against the interior conical surface, the interior conical surface and the frusto-conical valve tip being constructed and arranged such that when the valve tip seats against the interior conical surface, the flat end will lie substantially in the plane defined by the extremities of the openings.