Abstract: Debris generation from an EUV electric discharge plasma source device can be significantly reduced or essentially eliminated by encasing the electrodes with dielectric or electrically insulating material so that the electrodes are shielded from the plasma, and additionally by providing a path for the radiation to exit wherein the electrodes are not exposed to the area where the radiation is collected.

Abstract: Debris generation from an EUV electric discharge plasma source device can be significantly reduced or essentially eliminated by encasing the electrodes with dielectric or electrically insulating material so that the electrodes are shielded from the plasma.

Abstract: Modified natural-resin acid esters comprising units of compounds of each of the groups A) natural resins and natural-resin acids, B) aldehydes and aldehyde acetals, C) alcohols having at least two hydroxyl groups, D) metal salts and, if desired, of compounds of one or more of the groups E) .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and their anhydrides, F) fatty acids and fatty acid esters, G) ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon resins are suitable in pigment dispersions and pigment concentrates for printing inks. The natural-resin acid esters contain substantially no phenol or phenol-aldehyde condensation products.

Abstract: Toluene-soluble modified natural-resin acid esters which can be prepared by reacting at least one compound from each of the component groups: A) natural resins or natural-resin acids; B) .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or their anhydrides; C) phenols which are polyfunctional with respect to oxo compounds; D) aldehydes or aldehyde acetals; E) alcohols having at least two hydroxyl groups; and, if desired, further compounds from the substance groups: F) fatty acids or fatty acid esters; G) ethylenically unsaturated monomers; H) ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon resins in the presence of: I) monovalent or divalent metal compounds or mixtures thereof at a temperature of from 100.degree. to 300 .degree. C., with elimination of water, to an acid number of less than 100 mg of KOH/g of resin, and then reacting the resulting products with: J) carboxylic acids which contain at least two carboxyl groups and are not .alpha.,.beta.

Abstract: Phenolic-resin-modified natural resin acid esters, a process for their preparation and their use as binder resins printing inks.Phenolic-resin-modified natural resin acid esters obtained by reaction ofA) natural resins and natural resin acids,B) mononuclear and polynuclear alkylolizable phenols,C) aldehydes and aldehydes acetals,D) aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and araliphatic polyols,E) calcium compounds and/or zinc compounds andF) optionally ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon resins,at a temperature of 100.degree. to 250.degree. C., and subsequent removal of the water by azeotropic distillation with an entraining agent at 200.degree. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A modified resinate prepared by reactingA) rosins or rosin acids withB) aldehyde components and optionallyC) .alpha.,.beta.-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof, subsequently reacting the resultant adduction products withD) phenols and optionallyE) alcohols containing at least two hydroxyl groups and subsequently forming resinates withF) basic compounds of divalent metals, useful as resin binders of high viscosity in low solid printing inks for intaglio printing of illustrations.

Abstract: Toluene-soluble modified natural resin esters suitable as binder resins in ground pigments and printing inks for halftone gravure printing prepared by reacting at least one compound from each of the following substance groups A) to D)A) natural resins and natural resin acids,B) monocyclic and polycyclic phenols which are polyfunctional towards oxo compounds,C) aldehydes and aldehyde acetals,D) alcohols having at least two hydroxyl groups, and, optionally, further compounds selected from the following substance groups:E) .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and their anhydrides,F) fatty acids and fatty acid esters,G) ethylenically unsaturated monomers,H) ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon resins in the presence ofI) lithium compoundsat a temperature of from 100.degree. to 300.degree. C. with elimination of water.

Abstract: An oil soluble, natural resin acid ester, modified with phenolic resin which ester is the reaction product of at least one compound of each of the following groups:A) natural resins or natural resin acids,B) monocyclic or polycyclic phenols which are monofunctional or polyfunctional with respect to oxo compounds,C) aldehydes or aldehyde acetals,D) aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic-aliphatic alcohols having at least two hydroxyl groups,E) .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or their anhydrides,F) aliphatic C.sub.3 -C.sub.30 carboxylic acids or carboxylic esters having an iodine number of less than 15 g of iodine per 100 g of carboxylic acid or carboxylic ester,H) magnesium compounds, and optionally further compounds from the group of substances consisting ofG) ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon resins, which ester is prepared by reacting the components at a temperature in the range from 100.degree. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: Phenolic-resin-modified cyclopentadiene resins, process for the preparation thereof and use thereof.Phenolic-resin-modified cyclopentadiene resins which can be used as binder in printing inks can be advantageously directly prepared froma) from 20 to 80% by weight of cyclopentadiene compounds,b) from 1 to 40% by weight of natural resin acids,c) from 1 to 60% by weight of phenols andd) from 1 to 20% by weight of aldehydes in the presence ofe) from 0.01 to 1% by weight of basic alkali metal compounds.The catalysis by basic alkali metal compounds makes possible the quantitative reaction of c) and d) in the reaction mixture of a) and b).

Abstract: Phenolic-resin-modified natural resin acid esters obtained by reaction ofA) natural resins or natural resin acids,B) mononuclear or polynuclear alkylolizable phenols,C) aldehydes or aldehyde acetals,D) aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic polyols,E) magnesium compounds,F) if appropriate, fatty acids or fatty acid compounds andG) if appropriate, ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon resins,at a temperature of 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. and subsequent azeotropic removal of the water by distillation by means of an entraining agent at 200.degree. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: Oil-soluble, phenolic resin-modified natural resinic acid esters, which are able to form self-gelling mineral oil solutions and in the form of gel varnishes can advantageously be used as binder resins in printing inks for offset printing and letterpress printing, and also processes for their preparation from natural resins, phenols, aldehydes, condensation catalyst, esterifying agents and modifiers by reaction of the components at temperatures in the range from 80.degree. to 300.degree. C., individual components preferably being initially introduced and the other components being metered in, the combined use of a magnesium compound as condensation catalyst and the continuous removal of the water of reaction during the condensation reaction by azeotropic distillation with co-use of an inert organic solvent as distillative entraining agent being necessary and decisive for the self-gelling property of the process product.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of modified phenolic resins in which the starting components used for preparation of these modified phenolic resins are subjected to a condensation reaction under pressure and in the presence of an inert organic solvent which forms an azeotrope with water, and in which the water is removed from the reaction mixture continuously by azeotropic distillation. An improved space/time yield is achieved by this pressure distillation.

Abstract: Phenolic-resin-modified cyclopentadiene resins, process for the preparation thereof and use thereofPhenolic-resin-modified cyclopentadiene resins which can be used as binder in printing inks can be advantageously directly prepared froma) from 20 to 80% by weight of cyclopentadiene compounds,b) from 1 to 40% by weight of natural resin acids,c) from 1 to 60% by weight of phenols andd) from 1 to 20% by weight of aldehydes in the presence ofe) from 0.01 to 1% by weight of basic alkali metal compounds.The catalysis by basic alkali metal compounds makes possible the quantitative reaction of c) and d) in the reaction mixture of a) and b).

Abstract: Modified cyclopentadiene resins comprising essentiallya) 20 to 80% by weight of cyclopentadiene compounds,b) 1 to 40% by weight of natural resin acids andc) 31 to 70% by weight of phenol resins.These compounds are suitable as binder resins for printing inks. They are distinguished by excellent compatibility with aromatics-free mineral oils and with vegetable oils.

Abstract: Cyclopentadiene-modified alkyd resins obtained by reaction of naturally occurring, unsaturated fatty acid esters with cyclopentadiene compounds under pressure, transesterification of the resulting adducts with polyols which contain at least three hydroxyl groups, and esterification with aromatic or cycloaliphatic polycarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof. These resins are employed in the preparation of printing inks for offset printing. The novel resins impart an improved gloss to these printing inks.

Abstract: Polymers which contain units of 4-hydroxystyrene and/or of 4-acetoxystyrene, where appropriate in a mixture with other comonomer units, in particular butadiene, can be used in place of phenolic or resorcinol resins as reinforcing resins and adhesion promoters in rubber mixtures. These polymers are distinguished by the fact that, coupled with at least equally good effectiveness, they do not release any phenolic materials into the environment on incorporation into rubber mixtures.

Abstract: The invention relates to readily storable flushed pastes of pigments of the arylparaosanilinesulfonic acid series, consisting essentially of (a) up to 50% by weight of the pigment, in a binder combination of (b) natural resin esters based on unmodified or modified natural resins with monohydric or polyhydric C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alcohols, and (c) long-oily alkyd resins having an oil content of 60% to 90% by weight dissolved in high-boiling mineral oil. These formulations are prepared from aqueous presscakes of pigment (a) by flushing in the presence of the solution of a mixture of at least one natural resin ester (b) and at least one alkyd resin (c) in mineral oil (d) with elimination of water. The novel pigment formulations are used for producing printing inks for letterpress and offset printing.

Abstract: Method and composition for a sulfonyl-containing styrene derivative of the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different and denote hydrogen, optionally halogen-, hydroxyl-, cyano- or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy mono- or poly-substituted (C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkyl or phenyl, R.sub.3 denotes hydrogen or a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl or -alkoxy group, n is a number from 1 to 4 or R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together with the associated aminophenyl radical denote julolidinyl or N-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)-alkylcarbazol-3-yl, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 denote hydrogen or the necessary valences for forming a condensation product with formamide derivatives, and R.sub.6 denotes a cyano group, or R.sub.4 denotes hydrogen and R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 together denote the grouping C.dbd.N--R.sub.7, with R.sub.7 being a benzoyl radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl or -alkoxy groups, halogen, cyno, amino or mono- or di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Method and composition for a ketosultam of the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different and each denote hydrogen, (C.sub.1 to C.sub.8)-alkyl, which is optionally substituted by one or several halogen atoms, hydroxy groups, cyano groups or (C.sub.1 to C.sub.4)-alkoxy groups, or phenyl, R.sub.3 denotes hydrogen or a (C.sub.1 to C.sub.4)-alkyl group or (C.sub.1 to C.sub.4)-alkoxy group, n is a number from 1 to 4, or R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, together with the corresponding aminophenyl group, denote julolidinyl or N-(C.sub.1 to C.sub.3)-alkylcarbazol-3-yl. The compounds are used in the preparation of sensitizers and dyes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing, in workpieces, bores having a high surface quality, and especially for producing cylinder bores in engine cylinder blocks. At least one fine surface machining is carried out with a rotating honing tool that executes a contrarotating stroke movement in the direction of the axis of a bore. The honing tool has honing stones that can be pressed radially against the wall of the bore via a feed system. The method and apparatus preclude damaging effects upon the surface quality of a bore as a result of the movement reversal of the honing tool. This is accomplished by reducing the force, with which the honing stones are pressed against the bore wall, during the reversal of the direction of the stroke movement of the honing tool. In particular, the pressure in the cylinder space of the piston/cylinder arrangement of the apparatus is reduced during reversals of the direction of the stroke movement of the honing tool.