Abstract: An improved method for the recovery of elemental sulfur(S) from a coal-gas containing hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2 S) wherein hot lime (CaO) is used and then regenerated according to the following chemistry:CaO+H.sub.2 S=CaS+H.sub.2 OCaS+3/2 O.sub.2 =CaO+SO.sub.2SO.sub.2 +C=S+CO.sub.2These chemical reactions are conducted in-situ while the supply of carbon (C) for the formation of the elemental sulfur(S) is derived from a component of the coal-gas itself to increase the overall efficiency of desulfurization, increase the uniformity of the carbon deposit into the hot lime (CaO), and eliminate the extra and cumbersome steps of physically moving the spent lime (CaO) for regeneration and returning it after regeneration, and the step of adding coal to react with the sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2) formed as an off-gas during regeneration.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing bulk materials by induction wherein the materials are processed within a plurality of compartments whose walls comprise a material which is adaptable to being heated by induction and wherein the plurality of compartments commonly share an induction coil means which surrounds the plurality of compartments. The apparatus possesses features which make it adaptable to operate in a closed system to be acceptable to the environment and also features which guarantee uniform charging of the material to be processed and uniform discharging of the processed material. In applications where sulfur, tars and oils are a problem, means are provided to deal with such problems by reacting the sulfur and by cracking the tars and oils. The apparatus lends itself to economically process tonnages of great magnitude at a low operating cost and also it requires low investment cost.

Abstract: A method of reducing iron oxide by induction heating.

Abstract: An improved method for generating gas from coal including caking and high sulfur coals, in a completely enclosed system wherein no oxygen or air is used to burn a portion of the coal and/or char to produce heat for the reaction. The heat for the reaction of the instant invention is produced by electric induction coils surrounding a vertical retort which possesses a plurality of compartments or cells whose walls are heated by induction. Energy requirement is reduced by pressurizing and methanating within the compartments in order to benefit from exothermic reaction of the methane formation. The coal charged is heated by said walls so that the coal is converted from coal to coke or char by driving the volatiles from the coal in a controlled and efficient manner. The char is further kept hot by the same heated walls of said compartments and also by direct induction to make possible the generation of gas, mainly CO and H.sub.2 by reacting steam with said hot char.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for making metallic iron from iron ore including low-grade ore by the use of a solid reductant such as coal in a completely enclosed system wherein the heat for reduction originates from induction coils surrounding a vertical retort, said retort possesses compartments made of steel walls, which walls are heated by induction. The charge material made up of ore and coal are pre-mixed and charged into said compartments at the top of the retort and the iron ore is reduced while descending within said compartments so that when the charged materials reach the bottom of said compartments, the iron ore is metallized to elemental iron. A discharge means removes sections of the metallized iron from said shaft at a temperature of around 1,800.degree. and is fed into a mixer for liquification, desulfurization, and deganguing.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for making coke wherein the coal is heated by the walls of a multi-cell chamber means and wherein said walls are heated by electric induction in the absence of air; the raw gases from the coal are directed to a by-product plant. The coal is introduced into said chamber means and the coke is discharged from said chamber means in such a way as to provide positive displacement of both the coal and the coke to overcome the sticking and bridging properties of the coal and the coke within said chamber means. Also improved provisions are included for insuring the sealing of said chamber means while operating said chamber means under a positive pressure in order to increase the efficiency of the conversion of coal to coke without causing pollution. The coal, after being coked, is quenched to a temperature below its ignition point before being exposed to the atmosphere to prevent it from burning in order not to cause pollution nor lose yield.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for recovering shale oil from shale wherein the shale is mined, crushed and pyrolized electrically in surface facilities by induction in a chamber made up of a plurality of cells in the absence of air and the raw gases are directed to a condensing means for separating the liquids from the gases. The invention also describes a method and apparatus for making use of the residue from the liquids separated from the gas in order to use said residue economically and generate electric power for the induction system used in the instant invention. The invention further discloses means for the recovering of the heat energy contained in the spent shale. The invention also discloses a method and apparatus for the disposal of the spent shale in an environmentally acceptable manner in order to prevent pollution and save the great quantities of water needed for reclamation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for quenching coke which obviates the necessity of using a high energy scrubber for the cleaning of the gases by virtue of quenching the coke in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to drop the temperature of the coke below its ignition point for eliminating the emissions of hydrocarbons, confining the steam and vapor for additional quenching and pressure buildup, cleaning of the steam and vapor of particulate matter, and containing the excess quench water including the breeze resulting from the quench.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for quenching coke which comprises the quenching of the coke in a non-oxidizing atmosphere in a chamber during the push to drop the temperature of the coke below its ignition point for eliminating the emissions of hydrocarbons at the source, confining the steam and vapor for additional quenching within said chamber by virtue of pressure build-up, forcing the steam out of said chamber for direction to condensing means, condensing the steam to eliminate the plume, precipitating particulate matter and dissolving condensables, scrubbing the non-condensables for the removal of sub-micron particulate matter, containing the excess quench water and condensate including the breeze resulting from the quenching and condensing and exchanging the heat from the quench water and condensate for heat recovery.

Abstract: An improvement made to quenching coke during the push wherein the coke is physically opened for increased exposure to the quenching medium.

Abstract: This disclosure proposes an improved method of and apparatus for collecting the fumes of a furnace but in particular of a steelmaking furnace using the basic oxygen blowing process which furnace rotates about a trunnion arrangement. Especially this disclosure applies to an improved fume collecting method for an oxygen steelmaking furnace whose emissions take place during the charging of scrap, during the charging of molten iron, during blowing oxygen in the furnace, and during the sample and temperature taking. This fume collection is accomplished by providing a hood of multiple purpose design adapted to collect the emissions during any of the aforementioned portions of the steelmaking cycle, which can be retro-fitted to existing steelmaking facilities.

Abstract: Quenching car having an inclined surface for supporting coke to be quenched, a moveable gate which in a first position retains the coke and in a second position permits discharge of coke from the inclined surface, and a bottom wall which guides the coke from the inclined surface across a space and over the wall of a reservoir carried on said quench car which will catch and hold excess quench water which drains between the inclined surface and the gate means.

Abstract: This disclosure proposes an improved method of and apparatus for collecting the fumes of a furnace but in particular of a steelmaking furnace using the basic oxygen blowing process which furnace rotates about a trunnion arrangement. Especially this disclosure applies to an improved fume collecting method for an oxygen steelmaking furnace whose emissions take place during the charging of scrap, during the charging of molten iron, during blowing oxygen in the furnace, and during the sample and temperature taking. This fume collection is accomplished by providing a hood of multiple purpose design adapted to collect the emissions during any of the aforementioned portions of the steelmaking cycle, which can be retro-fitted to existing steelmaking facilities.

Abstract: The improvement in method and apparatus for basic oxygen steel making employing the off-gas principle for pre-heating purposes. This improvement involves the directing of the off-gas from a first furnace during refining to a second furnace, and burning said off-gas within the second furnace efficiently in order to preheat scrap and/or iron pellets in order to decrease the charge of molten pig iron and increase the solid charge. At the conclusion of the refining portion of the cycle, said first furnace is emptied of its steel and the cold charge is introduced into it while molten pig iron is charged into said second furnace on top of the pre-heated scrap. The cycle is then reversed by refining in said second furnace and directing said off-gas to said first furnace where it is mixed with oxygen or air and burnt within it to provide energy for the pre-heat. The method and apparatus provide for the protection of the lining and gives consideration to maintenance and pollution control.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for by-product coke oven operation wherein the problems of pollution caused by gases leaking out of the oven during the coking cycle are eliminated by providing an improved coke oven door using the metal-to-metal contact principle. Because of thermal conditions the distortion of the jambs and the distortion of the doors themselves takes place thus making the sealing of coke oven doors very difficult; this in particular is very serious with respect to high ovens. This distortion being of such form that the distortion of the jamb occurs in the opposite direction of the distortion of the oven door. This invention compensates for such distortion and makes possible the proper fit up of the door to a particular jamb irrespective of the degree of distortion.

Abstract: An improved by-product coke oven wherein the ends are heated through the doors or jambs to prevent condensation of the tar and the deposit of carbon and coal. This improved coke oven possesses improved sealing features and minimizes pollution during coking and during the extraction of the doors.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for by-product coke oven operation wherein the problems of pollution caused by charging, oxidation of the coke during pushing, transportation of the incandescent coke to a quenching tower and quenching of the coke is eliminated by the evacuation of the gases during charging, by quenching the coke in a closed system during the push so that the temperature of the coke leaving the guide is below its ignition point; the combustion gases created by the charging and the steam and gases generated by the quenching are extracted and cleaned in a centralized dust collection system. The coke being quenched in a sealed system to a temperature lower than its ignition point, eliminates the oxidation thereof and the efficiency of the oven is increased by being able to push in shorter schedules as the necessity for extra coking time now taken to insure that all the green coke is coked, is obviated.