Abstract: A sensor system is described, using self-mixing laser sensors (10) and an analyzer circuit (30) in order to determine the velocity of a vehicle, such as a car, and the rotational velocity of a wheel (20) of the car. Deviations between the velocity of the vehicle and the rotational velocity of the wheel (20) can be used to determine sliding of the wheel (20) and, finally, the traction or, more specifically, the coefficient of driving friction between the wheel (20) and the surface the car is driving on. Furthermore, a vehicle control system is described, initiating test accelerations of a wheel (20) by means of a control circuit (50) and control means (300, 400) in order to determine the coefficient of driving friction during driving. The test accelerations initiate short periods of sliding of the wheel (20) and the sliding is detected by means of the sensor system.

Abstract: A sensor system is described, using self-mixing laser sensors (10) and an analyzer circuit (30) in order to determine the velocity of a vehicle, such as a car, and the rotational velocity of a wheel (20) of the car. Deviations between the velocity of the vehicle and the rotational velocity of the wheel (20) can be used to determine sliding of the wheel (20) and, finally, the traction or, more specifically, the coefficient of driving friction between the wheel (20) and the surface the car is driving on. Furthermore, a vehicle control system is described, initiating test accelerations of a wheel (20) by means of a control circuit (50) and control means (300, 400) in order to determine the coefficient of driving friction during driving. The test accelerations initiate short periods of sliding of the wheel (20) and the sliding is detected by means of the sensor system.

Abstract: A load-dependent, preventive fuse with an electronic ceramic (12) in a housing (11) from which connection leads (14) are led outwards to detect at least a first type of load to which a device to be monitored is subjected, in which fuse use is made of a ceramic material, hereinafter referred to as TDR ceramic (12), whose electrically insulating state changes as a function of time, being the first type of load, and as a function of a second type of load, to a semiconducting state, and as a result thereof, when a dc voltage U is applied to the TDR ceramic (12) via connection leads (14) an increase in current forms the activation criterion for the fuse, which criterion is fulfilled under predeterminable conditions and determines a desired operating time .tau..

Abstract: The invention relates to a circuit arrangement with a piezoelectric transformer having two electrodes arranged on the primary side of the transformer and such a piezoelectric transformer itself. Piezoelectric transformers of this type are used, for example, for the power supply or control of lamps or electron tubes. For controlling such a piezoelectric transformer directly on the primary side by a most frequently available DC voltage, instead of an AC voltage as is customary, according to the invention a DC voltage source is connected to the electrodes and a switching device is provided for interrupting the supply of voltage to at least one electrode, the positions of the switching device being dependent on the state of expansion of the primary side of the transformer. The switching device is thus periodically closed and opened, the applied DC voltage is thus interrupted periodically.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical printer in which light signals emitted by an information-controlled light source are applied to a photosensitive record carrier via a mirror system and a circular-to-linear converter which consists of optical fibers. In order to improve the optical coupling between the light source and the record carrier and hence the printing quality, the mirror system comprises a conical mirror which opens in the direction of the circular-to-linear converter and which enables the light beam to be axially coupled into the circularly arranged ends of the optical fibers at the entrance of the circular-to-linear converter.

Abstract: An adhering bismuth layer is provided on steel components for cathode ray tubes by electroless plating in an acidic aqueous solution of bismuth oxynitrate. The bismuth coated steel components are heated in an oxidizing atmosphere, for example in air, at temperatures between 350.degree. C. and 650.degree. C. until the bismuth coating becomes black.