Abstract: In a gyrotron cavity resonator, generated energy is extracted into a symmetric set of fundamental-mode waveguides by ports disposed to couple energy in phase from the operating electromagnetic mode but in anti-phase with respect to an unwanted mode of lower cutoff frequency than the operating mode, thereby neutralizing coupling to the unwanted mode. A second set of interspersed ports may be disposed to load degenerate, orthogonal modes.

Abstract: An improved burner having a very particularly designed gas element for the combustion of coal, oil or gas places a plurality of retractable and rotatable gas elements in close proximity to the outlet end of a tubular burner nozzle of the burner which are shielded from combustion air provided around the tubular burner nozzle by a flame stabilizing ring having a plurality of openings adapted to closely receive each of the plurality of retractable and rotatable gas elements. Eddies produced by the flame stabilizing ring create a low oxygen/fuel rich flame resulting in reduced NO.sub.x formation.

Abstract: An improved burner for the combustion of coal, oil or gas places a plurality of retractable and rotatable gas elements in close proximity to the outlet end of a tubular burner nozzle of the burner which are shielded from combustion air provided around the tubular burner nozzle by a flame stabilizing ring having a plurality of openings adapted to closely receive each of the plurality of retractable and rotatable gas elements. Eddies produced by the flame stabilizing ring create a low oxygen/fuel rich flame resulting in reduced NO.sub.x formation.

Abstract: A combustion method and burner nozzle system having a DeNO.sub.x Stabilizer concentrically secured within a burner nozzle such that the fuel stream is separated into an outer fuel-rich stream and an inner fuel-lean stream. The outer fuel-rich stream passes around the exterior of the DeNO.sub.x Stabilizer where its flow area is increased thereby decreasing its velocity before it is discharged from the burner nozzle. Concurrently, the inner fuel-lean stream passes through the DeNO.sub.x Stabilizer where its flow area is reduced thereby increasing its velocity before this stream is discharged from the burner nozzle central to the slower fuel-rich stream. Mixing members interior of the burner nozzle further mix the fuel-rich stream before exiting the nozzle.

Abstract: A primary air exchange device for a burner of a pulverized fuel, such as coal, with burner including a supply line through which a primary air and pulverized fuel mixture is supplied. A separator having its inlet within the supply line is dimensioned to receive and remove approximately one half of the primary air while the remaining half of the primary air moves past the separator. Additionally approximately 90% of the pulverized fuel passes the separator while only about 10% of the pulverized fuel enters the separator along with approximately one half the primary air. This air and small quantity of fuel mixture is delivered from the separator to a nozzle where it is discharged into a burner throat of a furnace. Hot air is injected into the remaining mixture of half the primary air plus the large percentage of pulverized fuel to heat this fuel before it is injected into the furnace for ignition.

Abstract: A coal-air separator to be used in combination with a pulverized coal-fired burner having an elbow section and a wye section. The wye section is flow connected to the outlet of the elbow so that the coal-rich portion is transported through the main fuel conduit to the burner. The coal lean portion is transported through the take-off conduit, the outlet being positioned outside the furnace windbox.

Abstract: An improved pulverized fuel burning method and apparatus having means for decreasing the pressure drop through the burner nozzle and decreasing the formation of nitric oxides, including a splash plate to breakup a natural forming fuel-rope, a deflector to deflect the fuel-rope, and a diffuser to disperse the pulverized fuel into a more desirable fuel burning distribution pattern.