Abstract: An ultrasonic pipe or other structure assessment system includes an ultrasonic transducer positioned proximate the pipe or other structure. A fluid connection between the ultrasonic transducer and the pipe or other structure is produced. The ultrasonic transducer is moved relative to the pipe or other structure.

Abstract: An ultrasonic pipe or other structure assessment system includes an ultrasonic transducer positioned proximate the pipe or other structure. A fluid connection between the ultrasonic transducer and the pipe or other structure is produced. The ultrasonic transducer is moved relative to the pipe or other structure.

Abstract: A wide bandwidth, ultrasonic transducer to generate nondispersive, extensional, pulsed acoustic pressure waves into concrete reinforced rods and tendons. The wave propagation distance is limited to double the length of the rod. The transducer acoustic impedance is matched to the rod impedance for maximum transfer of acoustic energy. The efficiency of the transducer is approximately 60 percent, depending upon the type of active elements used in the transducer. The transducer input energy is, for example, approximately 1 mJ. Ultrasonic reflections will occur at points along the rod where there are changes of one percent of a wavelength in the rod diameter. A reduction in the rod diameter will reflect a phase reversed echo, as compared with the reflection from an incremental increase in diameter. Echo signal processing of the stored waveform permits a reconstruction of those echoes into an image of the rod.

Abstract: Transfer sheets and ribbons having a thin foundation carrying two superposed heat-transferable coatings. The base coating is cohesive, nonadhesive, substantially colorless and free of coloring matter and oil, and functions as a heat sink to insulate the top layer against excessive melting. The supercoating is more adhesive than the base coating, contains coloring matter and has excellent bonding properties for the base layer and also for receptive sheets including those having very smooth or glossy surfaces and relatively smooth closely-woven fabrics.Heat-transferred images are strongly adhered to the receptive sheet and produce no visible loss of clarity or sharpness if smudged by contact since the portion of the images exposed to contact is free of coloring matter.

Abstract: Hectograph master webs and sheets formulated to provide sharper, more-complete transfer under reduced imaging pressures, and sharper, more-numerous duplicate copies in the hectograph duplicating process and resistance to adhesion and coating-transfer under the pressures exerted by a hectograph duplicating machine. The receptive surface formed on the master sheet comprises a hard, pressure-adhesive coating consisting by weight essentially of 45 to 65 percent paraffinic wax, 5 to 20 percent hard wax and 15 to 40 percent polybutene polymer having a Staudinger molecular weight of from 10,400 to 12,300 which bonds to the hectograph transfer layer under relatively low, localized imaging pressure but which is sufficiently hard to resist adhesion, sticking and pick-over to hectograph copy sheets during the hectograph copying processes. The receptive coating also provides a barrier against the migration of the hectograph composition and/or of the spirit duplicating fluid into the master sheet.

Abstract: Method for producing novel multiple use pressure-sensitive transfer elements in the absence of volatile coating vehicles. The invention comprises preparing a molten coating composition including a compatible binder material mixture of hard wax and meltable synthetic resin, and a fluid ink comprising a solution of dyestuff in an oleaginous vehicle which is substantially incompatible with said wax and substantially compatible with said synthetic resin, coating said mixture onto a thin flexible foundation such as a plastic film and cooling to form a solidified cohesive microporous network of said binder material having uniformly dispersed within the pores thereof said fluid ink. Said ink is pressure-transferable from said network incrementally under the effects of imaging pressure along with that surface portion of the binder material network which is pressure-adhered to the copy sheet under the effects of the imaging pressure.

Abstract: Pressure-sensitive transfer ribbons of the squeeze-out or reusable type having a thin, flexible plastic film foundation having bonded thereto a microporous resinous ink layer containing pressure-exudable liquid ink and designed for use in high speed printing or impact machines in which the ribbon is moving during impact. The invention comprises the formation of a thin friction-reducing or slip-permitting layer of silicone polymer on the rear or impact surface of the film foundation in order to reduce the friction between the moving printing element and the moving film foundation and prevent grabbing of the film foundation and breakdown of the bond between the film foundation and the ink layer.

Abstract: A thin, pressure-sensitive, ink-releasing transfer element such as a ribbon capable of releasing a substantially uniform and intense amount of smudge-resistant ink at least about four times from overlapping impressed areas of the ink layer corresponding to each double image width during high speed printing use on "hammer-impression" high speed typewriters. The thinness of the ribbon is important not only to accommodate a maximum amount of ribbon on the feed spool, but primarily in order to provide a ribbon which is operative in such typewriters to produce images having excellent sharpness, uniform intensity, edge profile and freedom from pick-over, which properties also result from the cooperative nature of the ink and undercoating used on such ribbons.

Abstract: Pressure-sensitive reusable transfer elements of the squeeze-out type having a microporous resinous ink-releasing layer firmly bonded to a flexible foundation. The invention is characterized by the use of a bonding layer which is applied to the foundation as an aqueous composition comprising a water-dispersible, water-insoluble resinous binder material which dries to form a tacky, adhesive layer.

Abstract: Pressure-sensitive transfer elements comprising water-applied resinous base coating supporting a resinous ink-releasing layer, characterized by the undercoating consisting essentially of a water-dispersible, water-insoluble hydrophilic polyurethane resin.

Abstract: A split correction-imaging ribbon comprising a longitudinal strip of film-base adhesive correction composition and an adjacent longitudinal strip of film-base pressure-transferable imaging composition. The two strips are overlapped and bonded together by means of the adhesive correction composition to provide a unitary element such as a typewriter ribbon which is bifunctional, i.e. capable of producing typed images on a copy sheet and also capable of removing such typed images as may be erroneous.