Abstract: The present disclosure describes a system and method for camera calibration. The system includes a memory and a controller communicatively coupled to the memory. The controller moves an endoscope through a cannula and stops the endoscope in the cannula. The controller also captures, using the endoscope at the position, images of a reference corresponding to the cannula and adjusts a parameter of the endoscope based on the reference in the images.

Abstract: An optical signal synthesizer having an optical slab waveguide constructed from three layers in which optical pulses are introduced. A first cut-away portion of the optical slab waveguide has a plano-concave shape serving as a plano-convex lens which collimates the introduced optical pulses, a second cut-away portion of the optical slab waveguide serving as a diffraction grating for parallel light beams in which the optical pulses are separated into every frequency, and a third cut-away portion of the optical slab waveguide has a plano-concave shape serving as a plano-convex lens by which the separated optical pulses are focused on a different spatial position associated with each frequency. A spatial light modulator is fabricated at the focusing position in the optical slab waveguide which allows the optical pulses subjected to optical modulation every frequency to pass therethrough according to an applied electrical signal.

Abstract: A femtosecond pulse incident on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is divided into two optical paths and thereafter synthesized again. The synthesized optical pulse is outputted as complementary two output optical pulses corresponding to the difference between optical paths. An optical interferometer for monitoring fluctuations of the optical path difference from one of two output optical pulses produced from an interferometer, effecting feedback on the optical path difference and providing an operation stabilized in a relation of 1/20 or less the central wavelength, and an optical signal synthesizer using the interferometer are provided.