Abstract: A shaped activated wood-based carbon with essentially no pore volume in pores greater than one micron in diameter and a higher apparent density is prepared from an active granular wood-based carbon with a significant pore volume in pores greater than one micron in diameter and a lower apparent density by the invention process of grinding the active granular wood-based carbon to a fine powder, mixing the ground carbon with a liquid selected from water or other polar molecule and a bentonite clay binder, shaping the mixture, drying the shaped active carbon to remove the liquid, and heat-treating the dried product to calcine, or fix, the clay binder.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for regenerating wet spent carbon containing volatile impurities wherein the wet spent carbon is dried in a drying zone utilizing incinerated reactivation zone gaseous effluent. The reactivation zone gaseous effluent is derived by reactivating dried spent carbon in a reactivation zone at pyrolysis conditions to remove volatile components from the adsorbent. Removal is effected utilizing combustion gases. The reactivation zone gaseous effluent is comprised of the combustion gases, the vaporized volatile impurities, and, where steam is employed in the reactivation zone to remove fixed carbon, substantial quantities of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. By interposing the incineration zone between the drying and reactivation zone, efficiency of the overall process is maximized.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved process for activating carbon in a fluidized bed system which includes continuous activation at a temperature between 1,000.degree. F. and 2,200.degree. F. using a specific composition of fluidizing gases. The thermal energy required to activate the carbon and to maintain the bed temperatures is transferred only in part by the sensible heat of the fluidizing gases. The fluidizing gases contain excess oxygen, which reacts exothermically with the products of the activation reaction and contributes heat necessary to maintain the bed temperatures. The improved process may also entail introducing secondary excess air above the bed to react exothermically with products evolved from the reactions occurring within the bed to provide additional heat to drive the activation reaction.

Abstract: An improved two-step fluid bed process for conditioning sized, agglomerative, high volatile bituminous coal is disclosed. The agglomerative bituminous coal is first crushed and sized for fluidization. A first treatment is conducted under oxidizing conditions at below the fusion temperature of the coal, preferably at about 600.degree. F., followed immediately by a second treatment under a non-oxidizing or inert atmosphere at preferably 800.degree. F. .+-.50.degree. F. The resulting oxidized and heat treated coal particles have a volatile content of at least 15% and are thereby rendered non-agglomerative when thereafter subjected to even higher temperatures, e.g., when making activated carbon and/or synthesis gas.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved process for activating carbon in a fluidized bed which includes continuous activation at a temperature between 1,000.degree.F. and 2,200.degree.F., preferably 1,700.degree.F. to 1,950.degree.F. in the bed. The activation step includes heat transfer by conduction through a distributor plate to the bed and means to achieve a high degree of particle agitation, thus allowing a continuous activation of carbon without the formation of sintered coal ash. The prevention of coal ash sintering allows the process to continue over long periods of time without frequent shutdowns. Carbonaceous material is fed into an initial compartment and a bed is formed on the floor of the compartment. The floor is a gas permeable distributor plate. Fluidizing gases are introduced through the plate into this compartment. As the carbonaceous material is added, some carbonaceous material overflows the initial compartment and forms a bed in another compartment.

Abstract: Fluidized bed technique for oxidizing normally agglomerative bituminous coal is disclosed. One high rank bituminous coal is prepared for activation by grinding, briquetting and crushing to the 3/4 inch to 4 mesh size. Thereafter, the coal particles are fluidized in an oxygen containing atmosphere at from about 400.degree.F. to 700.degree.F. Water is preferably added during oxidation, controlling the oxidation temperature. In this manner, coal particles are rendered non-agglomerative which, when thereafter subjected to carbonization and activation, yields superior activated carbon.