Abstract: A method and apparatus for passive ranging from a moving platform to a stationary, non-cooperative emitter utilizes a Long Baseline Interferometer and a Short Baseline Interferometer, the former to provide a very precise, but highly ambiguous, measurement of change in phase occurring between two points along the moving platform's path, and the latter to provide a measurement of the emitter's angular position relative to the platform's path at the two points and to resolve ambiguities in the phase change measurements of the former, resulting in a system with enhanced accuracy over prior art devices which may be used against signals that are phase-coded, frequency-coded or frequency-hopped. An error model and a criterion for optimization of the system in terms of measurement error, interferometer length and orientation, and vibration amplitude are presented.

Abstract: A system for determining the delay between first and second signals includes apparatus for characterizing each signal and apparatus responsive to corresponding portions of the first and second characterizations for providing an estimate of the delay of the second signal relative to the first. In a preferred embodiment the characterizer dissects the signal into a plurality of separate components each having a different frequency. A cross-characterizer determines the time delay between corresponding components of the two characterizations and derives a weight for each determined delay. A cross-characterization combiner forms a weighted sum of the determined component delays which becomes the discriminated delay between the two signals.

Abstract: A numerical selection apparatus is combined with a ball point pen and is constructed to make numerical combinations from a predetermined number of figures, such combinations being arbitrary and randomly occurrent so as to be useable in such games as "LOTTO" and the like, where chance is a factor in the outcome and play of the game.