Abstract: Certain water-soluble polymers retain their viscosities in high brine environments and are highly useful as surfactant-mobility control agents in oil recovery processes. These polymers have stiff backbone chains which are poly-2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide, polysulfone or poly(p-phenylene ether-sulfone) and side chains which may be formed by halomethylating phenyl rings of these backbone chains followed by quaternizing the halomethyl groups. For more thickening power, the molecular weight of the polymer can be increased by controlled cross-linking with a calculated amount of difunctional amine.

Abstract: Metal salts and amides of alkyl-lactam acetic acids are prepared by reacting gamma-hydrocarbyl butyrolactone acetic acid compounds derived from alkenylsuccinic anhydrides with metal compounds and amines or amines alone. High molecular weight lactam acid salts and amides and metal complexes and metal carbamates thereof are useful as detergents or dispersants in organic industrial fluids. Another aspect of this invention is a method of preparing lactone acetic acids in yields up to 90% conversion from alkenylsuccinic anhydrides.

Abstract: Novel branched alkylpolyethoxypropane sulfonate surfactants which have low interfacial tension at high salinity, and their use in enhanced oil recovery are disclosed. The surfactants have the formulaRO(C.sub.2 H.sub.4).sub.x CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.3 Nain which R is a branched aliphatic radical of 10 to 30 carbon atoms, and x is 2 to 6.

Abstract: Metal salts and amides of alkyl-lactam acetic acids are prepared by reacting gamma-hydrocarbyl butyrolactone acetic acid compounds derived from alkenylsuccinic anhydrides with metal compounds and amines or amines alone. High molecular weight lactam acid salts and amides and metal complexes and metal carbamates thereof are useful as detergents or dispersants in organic industrial fluids. Another aspect of this invention is a method of preparing lactone acetic acids in yields up to 90% conversion from alkenylsuccinic anhydrides.

Abstract: An improved method for preparing propane sulfonates by the addition of metal bisulfites to allyl ethers, amines and sulfides is provided wherein a substantial amount of the desired product is added to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Metal salts and amides of alkyl-lactam acetic acids are prepared by reacting gamma-hydrocarbyl butyrolactone acetic acid compounds derived from alkenylsuccinic anhydrides with metal compounds and amines or amines alone. High molecular weight lactam acid salts and amides and metal complexes and metal carbamates thereof are useful as detergents or dispersants in organic industrial fluids. Another aspect of this invention is a method of preparing lactone acetic acids in yields up to 90% conversion from alkenylsuccinic anhydrides.

Abstract: A novel class of biodegradable detergents having improved resistance to precipitation in hard water are the water-soluble ionic salts or nonionic esters or amides of alkanoic acids which are substituted by at least one group containing an electronegative atom, said substitution being attached to a carbon atom 2 to 5 positions from the carboxyl carbon. Gamma-substituted alkanoic acid derivatives are preferred.

Abstract: A process for the continuous preparation of lactone-esters which comprises: passing a liquid feed of a branched-chain alkenylsuccinic anhydride containing a chain wherein branching is derived from C.sub.3 to C.sub.10 olefins, and an alcohol in a hydrocarbon solvent through a packed bed of a cationic exchange resin catalyst containing acid groups, in a reaction zone, said reaction zone being maintained at a pressure from about 1 to about 20 atmospheres and at a temperature from about 120.degree. C to about 160.degree. C.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions are provided, containing as antiwear agents, a .beta.-thiopropionitrile having the structure R--S--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CN in which R is alkyl, nitriloalkyl, aralkyl, alkaryl, aryl, or benzothiazolyl, mercapto-thiadiazolyl, NCCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --X--(CH.sub.2).sub.n where X is oxygen or sulfur and n is a whole number from 1 to 20. Particularly contemplated are lubricating oils and greases containing the aforementioned antiwear agents.

Abstract: The invention provides lubricant compositions containing (1) a product of reaction between an alkenylsuccinic anhydride and trishydroxymethylaminomethane and (2) an anti-rust amount of 1,1'-binaphthol.