Abstract: A transparency is illuminated from the viewing side with a transparent planar structure producing ultraviolet light. A phosphorescent screen on the non-viewing side of the transparency produces visible light in response to the ultraviolet light to enhance the contrast. Back-illumination is used to provide adequate brightness in relatively dark areas.

Abstract: A color image is recorded on film at the television field rate. A portion of the film is illuminated, corresponding to a line in the color image, and decomposed into its component colors. The decomposed light from the line is imaged onto two or more line scanning photosensitive arrays which provide scanned signals. These scanned signals are decoded and used to provide the standard color television signals.

Abstract: A color image is imaged onto a single photosensitive array containing color filter material arranged in repetitive groups adjacent to the photosensitive elements. The information is stored and a plurality of lines in the array are read out simultaneously to provide all of the color information. In some embodiments the same lines are scanned every field since the chrominance information can have reduced resolution.

Abstract: A color image is recorded on film at the television field rate with alternate film frames representing the luminance and chrominance information. The chrominance information is encoded by filtering the color image through a striped color filter. On playback two line scanners are used to simultaneously scan the luminance and chrominance frames to provide the desired information simultaneously. A decoding signal is used to decode the encoded chrominance information and derive color-difference signals.

Abstract: A gamma-ray source distribution in the body is imaged onto a detector using an array of apertures. The transmission of each aperture is modulated using a code such that the individual views of the source through each aperture can be decoded and separated. The codes are chosen to maximize the signal to noise ratio for each source distribution. These codes determine the photon collection efficiency of the aperture array. Planar arrays are used for volumetric reconstructions and circular arrays for cross-sectional reconstructions.

Abstract: Two sources, each producing divergent beams of radiation, are translated in orthogonal directions. The divergent beams are each scanned through the object being studied. The sum of the angular extent of each of the divergent beams is approximately 180.degree. so that the detected radiation transmitted through the object provides all of the information required to produce a cross-sectional image of the object. An advantage in the use of the orthogonal scans of the present invention is that faster scan times are achieved due to the simple translational motion required of each of the two sources. This allows studies to be made of dynamic organs such as the heart. A further advantage is that the detectors used can be simply calibrated during the scan since, for part of the scan, the divergent beam is not transmitted through the object.

Abstract: A transparency is illuminated from the back or non-viewing side through an array of apertures with a light source which is invisible to the viewer. This light passes through the apertures and, after passing through the transparency, is reflected back through the transparency to the aperture structure. The region between apertures is a light converter surface which converts the invisible light to visible light. The visible light passes through the transparency to the viewer with the multiple passes providing contrast enhancement. An additional visible light source is used to provide adequate brightness in relatively dense areas of the transparency.

Abstract: Ultrasonic reflections are received by a transducer array whose resultant signals are passed through an array of time-varying delay lines to provide focusing at all depths. The delay lines are made up of a combination of two components, one increasing and one decreasing with the distance to the axis of the array. This combination minimizes the range of delay variations required over the depth range. When using charge coupled devices as delay elements, this combination minimizes the required range of clock frequencies.

Abstract: Projection measurements are made of the transmitted x-ray beam in low and high energy regions. These are combined in a non-linear processor to produce atomic-number-dependent and density-dependent projection information. This information is used to provide cross-sectional images which are free of spectral-shift artifacts and completely define the specific material properties.

Abstract: A transparency is illuminated from the viewing side with a light converter backing placed against the opposite side. The light reflected from the viewing surface of the transparency is rendered invisible to the viewer. A partially reflecting mirror is placed against the viewing side in regions of particularly low contrast to provide additional enhancement. Back illumination is used to provide adequate brightness in relatively dark areas.

Abstract: The transmitted polychromatic x-ray beam in a cross-sectional x-ray imaging system is applied to pulse-height discriminators for energy spectral analysis. Various regions of the energy spectrum are separately counted in order to provide an accurate reconstruction of the cross-sectional density which is independent of the different materials in the path of the transmitted x-ray beam. This same energy spectral information is used to create separate images representing the different materials in the cross section.

Abstract: A sheet beam x-ray source having energy components greater than 1.02 Mev is passed through an object under study. The emitted gamma rays due to pair production are measured using a positron-sensitive coincidence counting system on either side of the excited section. The location of each detected event is made using the positron information of each detector and the location of the excited section. An image is rapidly formed which is sensitive to the atomic number and density of materials in the cross section of the object.

Abstract: An x-ray beam is transmitted through an object under study and through an encoding grating structure consisting of alternate stripes of materials each having different x-ray absorption characteristics. The recorded image has a grating structure which is modulated by the energy spectrum information represented by the difference of the absorption characteristics of the two stripe materials. The grating amplitude information is decoded by coherent optical filtering or by scanning and used to indicate the presence of specific materials in the object.

Abstract: In a color camera utilizing a color encoding strip filter arrangement in the optical path to separate light from an object into its component colors, an imaging system includes a noninteracting cylindrical lens array to image the encoding filter strips onto a photosensitive medium without the use of a relay lens..[.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION.].