Abstract: In a device for the solar-thermal gasification of carbon-containing charging material, comprising a solar reactor (1) including at least one, preferably a plurality of, light-transmissive window(s) (2) for introducing concentrated solar radiation, and a gasification chamber (9) having a preferably rectangular bottom and receiving means for the charging material (21), the receiving means are comprised of at least one, preferably elongated drawer (7,8,20,21,22,23) that is movable relative to the gasification chamber.

Abstract: In a method for treating alternative, carbon-containing, low-caloric waste materials for use in furnace systems, in particular rotary tubular kilns for the production of clinker, the carbon-containing, alternative fuels are subjected to high-temperature gasification under anoxic conditions at temperatures above 1000° C., wherein water, water vapor or CO2 is injected to ensure a reaction forming CO and H2. The waste heat from a clinker cooler is used for the high-temperature gasification.

Abstract: Method of improving the product properties of clinker in the firing of raw meal in a clinker or cement furnace in which at least part of the fuels used are low-heating-value or alternative fuels, waste products containing organic substances or low-heating-value or alternative fuels are subjected to thermal dissociation and reaction of the dissociation products using radiant energy. The product gas or synthesis gas formed in this way is fed to the burners of the main firing facility to increase the flame temperature.

Abstract: In a method for treating alternative, carbon-containing, low-caloric waste materials for use in furnace systems, in particular rotary tubular kilns for the production of clinker, the carbon-containing, alternative fuels are subjected to high-temperature gasification under anoxic conditions at temperatures above 1000° C., wherein water, water vapor or CO2 is injected to ensure a reaction forming CO and H2. The waste heat from a clinker cooler is used for the high-temperature gasification.

Abstract: Method of improving the product properties of clinker in the firing of raw meal in a clinker or cement furnace in which at least part of the fuels used are low-heating-value or alternative fuels, waste products containing organic substances or low-heating-value or alternative fuels are subjected to thermal dissociation and reaction of the dissociation products using radiant energy. The product gas or synthesis gas formed in this way is fed to the burners of the main firing facility to increase the flame temperature.

Abstract: The tear-off guarantee strip (6) of the closure cap (1) has a peripheral detent edge portion (9) whose inside diameter is smaller than the outside diameter of a peripheral projection (8) on the mouth (3) of a container. In addition to the detent edge portion (9), provided on the inside (7) of the guarantee strip are at least one holding projection (10) and a bead (26), which both strengthen the effect of the detent edge portion (9). The combination of detent edge portion, holding projections and bead gives optimum results in regard to the function of the guarantee strip and the possibility of removing the closure cap from molding tools which open in an axial direction.

Abstract: Very pure magnesium oxide is obtained from ore containing magnesium, more particularly ore containing magnesium carbonate, by calcining the ore and leaching the resulting magnesium oxide with carbon dioxide and calcium chloride solution to produce magnesium chloride solution. Carbon dioxide and ammonia are added, so as to precipitate magnesium carbonate trihydrate, which is decomposed to magnesium oxide.

Abstract: A magnetic clutch is provided for transmitting and limiting the torque in screw-on heads for screw closures. The clutch has a high number of poles (at least eight and preferably twelve poles) and the spacing between the clutch magnets, is at least six times the total axial tolerances between the clutch magnets.

Abstract: In a method of closing a container having an external screw thread with a cap having an internal thread, the cap is located on the container in a pre-positioning or predetermined angular position corresponding to its final angular position and is then pressed into final closed position by axial force. The cap is located in the pre-positioning position by resilient abutments such as an internal seal, head seal, or projections on the cap which are overcome by the pressing force.

Abstract: A magnetic clutch is provided for transmitting and limiting the torque in screw-on heads for screw closures. The clutch has a high number of poles (at least eight and preferably twelve poles) and the spacing between the clutch magnets, is at least six times the total axial tolerances between the clutch magnets.

Abstract: In a method of shrinking screw caps (2) on to the mouths (1) of containers (13), the screw caps are acted upon by a hot gas jet (7, 8) from nozzles (3, 4), along a feed path (6), from both sides. The flow axes (7, 8) are displaced relative to each other so that there are no pressure build-up and stagnation effects. The resulting advantageous temperature pattern at the nozzles means that savings in heating output can be attained. In addition, there is no longer any need for the bottles to be rotated about their own axis (10).

Abstract: A container (1) is provided with a cover (2) which has a guarantee strip (4) which can be divided along a design tearing line. In this arrangement, the guarantee strip (4) engages under a holding bead (9) and at the same time is protected from unauthorized manipulation of the guarantee strip, by a protective bead (10). So that the container which is produced by an injection molding process can be produced by means of axially openable molding tools, the holding bead and the protective bead are interrupted in such a way, and are arranged offset relative to each other in gaps, in such a way, that the respective holding bead (9) only extends, on the outside wall of the container, over the length over which the protective bead (10) is interrupted. In this way there is no undercut configuration at any point, which would prevent axial retraction of the molding tools or axial ejection of the container.

Abstract: In a closure cap for containers having a guarantee strip of thermoplastically deformable material, connected to the cap by rupturable connecting web portions and which can be moulded to or shrunk on to the neck of a container by the application of heat, the guarantee strip is enlarged in the region between each two successive connecting web portions. The material structure is thereby homogenized and improved and the shrink properties improved.

Abstract: Containers such as drink bottles are provided with closure caps having plastics guarantee strips shrink fitted on to the containers which can be torn off when the container is first opened. The present invention provides a process for the production of such closures in which guarantee strips are simultaneously and continuously shrink fitted on a plurality of containers by passing the containers provided with the closure caps through transport means wherein they are both moved forwardly and also rotated about their own axis. A slot-like nozzle arranged in the plane of movement of the guarantee strips and extending over the entire forward feed distance directs a jet of hot gas on to the guarantee strips. A transport screw is particularly suitable for producing the forward movement of the containers in the transport means, while the containers are pressed against a wall on which they roll and which has a high coefficient of friction.

Abstract: Conventional heads for screwing bottle closures on to bottles generally are applied to the closure cap, while rotating at full speed which causes tipping of and damage to the closure cap. The invention seeks to overcome this disadvantage by a sleeve portion at the bottom of the fitting head first being applied without any torque to the closure cap, the sleeve portion being force-lockingly engaged with the rotating head only when the head is moved further downwardly through the clutch-engagement distance. When a maximum torque, which can be adjusted by means of a stressing spring, has been reached, the clutch begins to slip and the sleeve portion stops. The sleeve portion is of low mass so that after disengagement of the clutch, no additional torque due to inertia is applied to the closure cap.

Abstract: A container having an external screw thread is closed by a synthetic plastics stopper comprising an internally threaded cap with a seal part protruding from the cap top, this seal part having an outwardly protruding seal section which in use is bent back outwardly by the inner wall of the container neck. The screw thread on the container neck, the screw thread on the cap and the seal section are such in relation to one another that in applying the stopper the seal section contacts the container neck and is bent back thereby before the external screw thread on the container and the internal thread on the cap come into engagement with one another. The seal section preferably consists of permanently deformable material so that on unscrewing the stopper, the seal between the stopper and the container opening is broken before the threads come out of engagement.

Abstract: A container (1) is provided with a cover (2) which has a guarantee strip (4) which can be divided along a design tearing line. In this arrangement, the guarantee strip (4) engages under a holding bead (9) and at the same time is protected from unauthorized manipulation of the guarantee strip, by a protective bead (10). So that the container which is produced by an injection moulding process can be produced by means of axially openable moulding tools, the holding bead and the protective bead are interrupted in such a way, and are arranged offset relative to each other in gaps, in such a way, that the respective holding bead (9) only extends, on the outside wall of the container, over the length over which the protective bead (10) is interrupted. In this way there is no undercut configuration at any point, which would prevent axial retraction of the moulding tools or axial ejection of the container.

Abstract: A two piece pourer closure, comprising a base portion with a cover portion which on rotation is raised by cooperating protuberances to open a pouring aperture, is provided with a separable guarantee strip, at least partly covering the cover portion to prevent it from being grasped and rotated and with means for centering and supporting a jacket portion of the cover against laterally acting forces. The means for supporting the jacket portion may be the protuberances on the base portion or a ring of guide elements on the base portion engaging the inner surface of the jacket portion.

Abstract: In a stopper arrangement for bottles of the type having an externally threaded neck closable by a synthetic plastic screw cap, the screw cap has an approximately cylindrical internally threaded wall part which is closed by an upper lid surface. The screw cap is so dimensioned and configured, and is formed of such an elastic plastic material, that the cap can be removed by unscrewing, or can be removed by a conventional crown cork opener. In either case, the cap can be used to re-close the bottle, since it is specially constructed so as not to be destroyed if removed by a crown cork opener.

Abstract: A synthetic plastic cap for bottles is formed on its outer lid surface with an elevated portion which prevents contact with markings on the lid by articles placed on top of the bottle.