Abstract: Painting product comprising an emulsion between an aqueous dispersive phase and a dispersed organic phase. In particular, the dispersive phase comprises water and an emulsifier selected from among: polyvinylalcolol, polyvinylalcohol copolymers, polyethyleneglycol, polyethyleneglycol copolymers and mixtures thereof. In addition, the dispersed phase comprises at least one polyhydroxyalkanoate and one natural adhesive agent.

Abstract: An optical filter for an optical network is disclosed, the optical filter adaptively adds or removes a target wavelength in a predetermined filter range, the optical filter comprising: a first resonator having a first resonant wavelength outside a first sub-range of the predetermined filter range when a first resonance control variable of the first resonator is set at a first value, and a second resonant wavelength inside the first sub-range of the predetermined filter range when the first resonance control variable of the first resonator is set at a second value; and a second resonator having a third resonant wavelength outside a second sub-range of the predetermined filter range when a second resonance control variable of the second resonator is set at a third value, and a fourth resonant wavelength inside the second sub-range of the predetermined filter range when the second resonance control variable of the second resonator is set at a fourth value.

Abstract: An optical module (100) comprising: a photonic integrated circuit, PIC, chip (102) having a surface layer and comprising at least one optical circuit; an electronic integrated circuit, EIC, chip (104) having a surface layer and comprising at least one electrical circuit; a molded substrate (106), wherein the PIC chip and the EIC chip are embedded in the molded substrate and the PIC chip is arranged with its surface layer generally at a first surface of the molded substrate; at least one redistribution layer, RDL, (108) located at the first surface of the molded substrate and having at least one opening (110) for receiving at least one optical fibre connection (208) to the PIC chip and at least one electrical connection with the PIC chip; at least one RDL (112) provided at a second surface of the molded substrate; and at least one electrical interconnection (114) between the RDLs at the first and second surfaces, through the molded substrate.

Abstract: A network (100) for a data center is disclosed. The network comprises computing resources (120), storage resources (110), and a switching apparatus (130). The switching apparatus (130) comprises a plurality of electrical switching components (140) configured to provide packet switching for traffic between computing resources or between computing and storage resources, and an optical switching fabric (150) configured to select an electrical switching component to provide packet switching between computing resources (120) and to provide connectivity between the plurality of electrical switching components (140) and the computing and storage resources (120, 110). Also disclosed is a method (400) for configuring a Virtual Performance Optimised Data Center (vPOD) in a network.

Abstract: A wavelength selective optical switching arrangement (23) comprises a set of input ports (61), a set of output ports (65); a switching matrix; and a plurality of de-multiplexers each comprising an aggregate port (62) and a plurality of tributary ports (64), each aggregate port being connected to an input port and each tributary port being connected to the switching matrix (57), the switching matrix being coupled between the tributary ports and the output ports. The wavelength selective optical switching arrangement is configured to receive at an input port a group of optical signals, each optical signal being transmitted on a different wavelength and being assigned to one of a plurality of destination nodes.

Abstract: A network (100) for a data center is disclosed. The network comprises computing resources (120), storage resources (110), and a switching apparatus (130). The switching apparatus (130) comprises a plurality of electrical switching components (140) configured to provide packet switching for traffic between computing resources or between computing and storage resources, and an optical switching fabric (150) configured to select an electrical switching component to provide packet switching between computing resources (120) and to provide connectivity between the plurality of electrical switching components (140) and the computing and storage resources (120, 110). Also disclosed is a method (400) for configuring a Virtual Performance Optimised Data Center (vPOD) in a network.

Abstract: There is provided an optical switch. The optical switch comprises a first optical waveguide, a second optical waveguide, a first optical ring resonator and a second optical ring resonator. The first optical ring resonator is arranged between the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide, wherein the first optical ring resonator is capable of coupling an optical signal travelling along the first optical waveguide in a first direction to the second optical waveguide such that the optical signal travels in a second direction along the second optical waveguide. The second optical ring resonator is arranged between the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide; wherein the second optical ring resonator is capable of coupling an optical signal travelling along the first optical waveguide in the first direction to the second optical waveguide such that the optical signal travels in a third direction along the second optical waveguide opposite to the second direction.

Abstract: A wavelength selective optical switching arrangement (23) comprises a set of input ports (61), a set of output ports (65); a switching matrix; and a plurality of de-multiplexers each comprising an aggregate port (62) and a plurality of tributary ports (64), each aggregate port being connected to an input port and each tributary port being connected to the switching matrix (57), the switching matrix being coupled between the tributary ports and the output ports. The wavelength selective optical switching arrangement is configured to receive at an input port a group of optical signals, each optical signal being transmitted on a different wavelength and being assigned to one of a plurality of destination nodes.

Abstract: An optical switch, comprising: a first optical waveguide, a first optical add path, a second optical add path and a micro-ring resonator. The micro-ring resonator is operable to add a first optical signal at a preselected wavelength received from the first optical add path to the first optical waveguide to travel in a first direction through the first optical waveguide. The micro-ring resonator is further operable to add a second optical signal at the preselected wavelength received from the second optical add path to the first optical waveguide to travel in a second direction through the first optical waveguide opposite to the first direction. There is also provided an optical drop switch, an optical switching apparatus, an optical communications network node and an optical communications network.

Abstract: An optical switch, comprising: a first optical waveguide, a first optical add path, a second optical add path and a micro-ring resonator. The micro-ring resonator is operable to add a first optical signal at a preselected wavelength received from the first optical add path to the first optical waveguide to travel in a first direction through the first optical waveguide. The micro-ring resonator is further operable to add a second optical signal at the preselected wavelength received from the second optical add path to the first optical waveguide to travel in a second direction through the first optical waveguide opposite to the first direction. There is also provided an optical drop switch, an optical switching apparatus, an optical communications network node and an optical communications network.

Abstract: There is provided an optical switch. The optical switch comprises a first optical waveguide, a second optical waveguide, a first optical ring resonator and a second optical ring resonator. The first optical ring resonator is arranged between the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide, wherein the first optical ring resonator is capable of coupling an optical signal travelling along the first optical waveguide in a first direction to the second optical waveguide such that the optical signal travels in a second direction along the second optical waveguide. The second optical ring resonator is arranged between the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide; wherein the second optical ring resonator is capable of coupling an optical signal travelling along the first optical waveguide in the first direction to the second optical waveguide such that the optical signal travels in a third direction along the second optical waveguide opposite to the second direction.

Abstract: A node (20, 25) for a single fiber bidirectional WDM optical ring network has a first optical protection switch (100) having first and second ports for coupling to the single fiber bidirectional ring, while providing a pass through optical path for wavelengths on the bidirectional ring. A further port is coupled to an external optical path. In operation the switch couples optically bidirectional selected wavelengths between the external optical path and either of the first and second ports selectively, according to an indication of a fault on the ring, so as to use different portions of the bidirectional ring respectively as working path and protection path. This combines coupling wavelengths with the ring, with the selection of protection or working path, which simplifies the optical equipment, and upstream and downstream optical delays can be symmetrical.

Abstract: An optical switch, comprising: a first optical waveguide, a first optical add path, a second optical add path and a micro-ring resonator. The micro-ring resonator is operable to add a first optical signal at a preselected wavelength received from the first optical add path to the first optical waveguide to travel in a first direction through the first optical waveguide. The micro-ring resonator is further operable to add a second optical signal at the preselected wavelength received from the second optical add path to the first optical waveguide to travel in a second direction through the first optical waveguide opposite to the first direction. There is also provided an optical drop switch, an optical switching apparatus, an optical communications network node and an optical communications network.

Abstract: An optical switch has four optical ports; a first optical waveguide coupled between a first of said ports and a second of the ports; a first switch element provided between the first waveguide and a second optical waveguide that is coupled to a third of the ports; a second switch element provided between the first waveguide and a third optical waveguide that is coupled to a fourth of the ports. Each switch element has a micro-ring resonator having an active state in which it is coupled to the first waveguide and to a respective one of the second and third waveguides for optical signals at a preselected wavelength, and an inactive state in which no coupling occurs. Each switch element has a control element arranged to receive a respective control signal configured to cause it to switch the micro-ring resonator between said states.

Abstract: An optical switch, comprising: a first optical waveguide, a first optical add path, a second optical add path and a micro-ring resonator. The micro-ring resonator is operable to add a first optical signal at a preselected wavelength received from the first optical add path to the first optical waveguide to travel in a first direction through the first optical waveguide. The micro-ring resonator is further operable to add a second optical signal at the preselected wavelength received from the second optical add path to the first optical waveguide to travel in a second direction through the first optical waveguide opposite to the first direction. There is also provided an optical drop switch, an optical switching apparatus, an optical communications network node and an optical communications network.

Abstract: An optical switch has four optical ports; a first optical waveguide coupled between a first of said ports and a second of the ports; a first switch element provided between the first waveguide and a second optical waveguide that is coupled to a third of the ports; a second switch element provided between the first waveguide and a third optical waveguide that is coupled to a fourth of the ports. Each switch element has a micro-ring resonator having an active state in which it is coupled to the first waveguide and to a respective one of the second and third waveguides for optical signals at a preselected wavelength, and an inactive state in which no coupling occurs. Each switch element has a control element arranged to receive a respective control signal configured to cause it to switch the micro-ring resonator between said states.

Abstract: A node (20, 25) for a single fiber bidirectional WDM optical ring network has a first optical protection switch (100) having first and second ports for coupling to the single fiber bidirectional ring, while providing a pass through optical path for wavelengths on the bidirectional ring. A further port is coupled to an external optical path. In operation the switch couples optically bidirectional selected wavelengths between the external optical path and either of the first and second ports selectively, according to an indication of a fault on the ring, so as to use different portions of the bidirectional ring respectively as working path and protection path. This combines coupling wavelengths with the ring, with the selection of protection or working path, which simplifies the optical equipment, and upstream and downstream optical delays can be symmetrical.

Abstract: The invention relates in general to a method, an apparatus and a unit for operating a Wavelength Division Multiplexing Access Network 25, and in particular to unbundling wavelengths in the network 25. Embodiments of the invention disclose monitoring a plurality of wavelengths of the Wavelength Division Multiplexing Access Network 25 to determine at least one available wavelength that is free for use. The transmitter then automatically transmits data to at least one user device 22 via at least one available wavelength.

Abstract: A method (10) of configuring a synchronous optical switch to route received data cells. The synchronous optical switch comprises optical switch transmitter modules, each comprising tunable optical transmitters, optical switch receiver modules, each comprising optical receivers, and optical connections between the transmitter modules and receiver modules. For each optical switch transmitter module, the method: assigns (12) wavelengths associated with the received data cells to the transmitters such that each wavelength is assigned to a different transmitter; and generates (14) a control signal for controlling the operating wavelength of each transmitter.

Abstract: A synchronous packet switch comprises output modules, input modules, optical connections and a switch control unit. The output modules comprise optical receivers each configured to receive optical signals at a different wavelength. The input modules receive electric signals carrying data cells to be routed. Each input module comprises optical transmitters, each configurable to generate an optical signal at a different wavelength, and routing apparatus comprising output ports. Each output module has at least one output port allocated to it. The routing apparatus is configurable to route a received optical signal to a selected output port. The optical connections are arranged to couple output ports to respective output modules. The switch control unit controls routing of the optical signals from the transmitters to the output modules and generates a routing control signal for configuring the routing apparatus to route an optical signal from a transmitter to a selected output port.