Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, systems, and computer program products for rendering a three-dimensional anatomical model in a virtual or augmented reality device. In various embodiments, a method includes reading, at a remote server, a three-dimensional imaging study from a data store, where the three-dimensional imaging study includes a plurality of two-dimensional slices of at least one anatomical structure, optionally performing segmentation, at the remote server, on each of the plurality of two-dimensional slices, generating, at the remote server, a volumetric model of the at least one anatomical structure based on the plurality of two-dimensional slices, scaling, at the remote server, the volumetric model according to one or more display parameters of a virtual or augmented reality device, receiving, at the virtual or augmented reality device, the scaled volumetric model; and rendering, at the virtual or augmented reality device, the scaled volumetric model.

Abstract: A test bench assembly (10) for the simulation of cardiac surgery and/or interventional cardiology operations and/or procedures, comprising a passive heart (12), wherein said passive heart (12) is an explanted or artificial or hybrid heart, said passive heart (12) having at least one pair of cardiac chambers (14, 16; 114, 116) comprising an atrial chamber (14; 114) and a ventricular chamber (16; 116); a reservoir (20), adapted to house the working fluid; a pressure generator (22), adapted to provide said passive heart (12) pumping said working fluid with the pumping function, said pressure generator (22) being fluidically connected both to said ventricular chamber (16) of said passive heart (12) and to said reservoir (20) by means of first fluid connection means; a pressure regulation device (24) which provides the working fluid in input to the atrial chamber (14) with the preload pressure, and the working fluid in output from the ventricular chamber (16) with the afterload pressure, said pressure regulation d

Abstract: A test bench assembly for simulating cardiac surgery includes a passive heart having at least one pair of cardiac chambers with an atrial chamber and a ventricular chamber. A reservoir is adapted to house working fluid. A pressure generator fluidically connects both to the ventricular chamber of the passive heart and to the reservoir. A pressure regulation device provides working fluid in input to the atrial chamber with preload pressure, and working fluid in output from the ventricular chamber with afterload pressure. The pressure regulation device fluidically connects both to the atrial chamber of the passive heart and to the ventricular chamber of the passive heart. The pressure regulation device has a single compliant element for each pair of cardiac chambers, which provides working fluid with both preload, and afterload pressures.

Abstract: A test bench assembly for simulating cardiac surgery includes a passive heart having at least one pair of cardiac chambers with an atrial chamber and a ventricular chamber. A reservoir is adapted to house working fluid. A pressure generator fluidically connects both to the ventricular chamber of the passive heart and to the reservoir. A pressure regulation device provides working fluid in input to the atrial chamber with preload pressure, and working fluid in output from the ventricular chamber with afterload pressure. The pressure regulation device fluidically connects both to the atrial chamber of the passive heart and to the ventricular chamber of the passive heart. The pressure regulation device has a single compliant element for each pair of cardiac chambers, which provides working fluid with both preload, and afterload pressures.

Abstract: A test bench assembly for simulating cardiac surgery includes a passive heart having at least one pair of cardiac chambers with an atrial chamber and a ventricular chamber. A reservoir is adapted to house working fluid. A pressure generator fluidically connects both to the ventricular chamber of the passive heart and to the reservoir. A pressure regulation device provides working fluid in input to the atrial chamber with preload pressure, and working fluid in output from the ventricular chamber with afterload pressure. The pressure regulation device fluidically connects both to the atrial chamber of the passive heart and to the ventricular chamber of the passive heart. The pressure regulation device has a single compliant element for each pair of cardiac chambers, which provides working fluid with both preload, and afterload pressures.

Abstract: A test bench assembly for simulating cardiac surgery includes a passive heart having at least one pair of cardiac chambers with an atrial chamber and a ventricular chamber. A reservoir is adapted to house working fluid. A pressure generator fluidically connects both to the ventricular chamber of the passive heart and to the reservoir. A pressure regulation device provides working fluid in input to the atrial chamber with preload pressure, and working fluid in output from the ventricular chamber with afterload pressure. The pressure regulation device fluidically connects both to the atrial chamber of the passive heart and to the ventricular chamber of the passive heart. The pressure regulation device has a single compliant element for each pair of cardiac chambers, which provides working fluid with both preload, and afterload pressures.

Abstract: A device for surgical training comprising: an external first layer (11, 45) which simulates the subcutaneous fat; a second layer (12, 44) internal to said first layer (11, 45), which simulates the muscle; a fourth layer (16, 17, 42), internal to said second layer (12, 44), which simulates the perirenal fat; a kidney (14, 15, 41), internal to said fourth layer (16, 17, 42); said first, second and fourth layer having a sound propagation velocity between 1500 and 1550 m/s, an acoustic impedance between 1.5 and 1.7 106 Kg/sm2, an elastic modulus between 0.4 and 4.2 kPa, and being able to be perforated manually by surgical instruments.

Abstract: A device for surgical training comprising: an external first layer (11, 45) which simulates the subcutaneous fat; a second layer (12, 44) internal to said first layer (11, 45), which simulates the muscle; a fourth layer (16, 17, 42), internal to said second layer (12, 44), which simulates the perirenal fat; a kidney (14, 15, 41), internal to said fourth layer (16, 17, 42); said first, second and fourth layer having a sound propagation velocity between 1500 and 1550 m/s, an acoustic impedance between 1.5 and 1.7 106 Kg/sm2, an elastic modulus between 0.4 and 4.2 kPa, and being able to be perforated manually by surgical instruments.