Abstract: A transconductance amplifier has a voltage input, a current output, and a control signal. A transconductance of the transconductance amplifier has an inverse relationship with the control signal. In some embodiments, the transconductance of the transconductance amplifier has a reciprocal relationship with the control signal. A switching voltage regulator uses the transconductance amplifier in a current control loop of a current mode switching regulator.

Abstract: A transconductance amplifier has a voltage input, a current output, and a control signal. A transconductance of the transconductance amplifier has an inverse relationship with the control signal. In some embodiments, the transconductance of the transconductance amplifier has a reciprocal relationship with the control signal. A switching voltage regulator uses the transconductance amplifier in a current control loop of a current mode switching regulator.

Abstract: A converter configured to convert a DC input voltage to a DC output voltage, may include: a high-side driver circuit having a first terminal coupled to a first die pad; a high-side transistor having a drain terminal coupled to a second die pad and a source terminal coupled to a third die pad; and a low-side transistor having a source terminal coupled to a fourth die pad and a drain terminal coupled to a fifth die pad. The converter may further include a resistive element coupled between the source terminal of the high-side transistor and the drain terminal of the low-side transistor, where a second terminal of the high-side driver circuit is coupled to a sixth die pad.

Abstract: A converter configured to convert a DC input voltage to a DC output voltage, may include: a high-side driver circuit having a first terminal coupled to a first die pad; a high-side transistor having a drain terminal coupled to a second die pad and a source terminal coupled to a third die pad; and a low-side transistor having a source terminal coupled to a fourth die pad and a drain terminal coupled to a fifth die pad. The converter may further include a resistive element coupled between the source terminal of the high-side transistor and the drain terminal of the low-side transistor, where a second terminal of the high-side driver circuit is coupled to a sixth die pad.

Abstract: The process for the hydrolysis of ligno-cellulosic biomass comprises the steps of A) Contacting a ligno-cellulosic feedstock, the feedstock comprised of biomass having a dry content and water with at least a portion of a solvent, the solvent comprised of water soluble hydrolyzed species; wherein at least some of the water soluble hydrolyzed species are the same as the water soluble hydrolyzed species obtainable from the hydrolysis of the biomass in the feedstock; B) maintaining the contact between the feedstock of the feedstock stream and the solvent at a temperature in the range of 20° C. to 200° C. for a time in the range of 5 minutes to 72 hours to create a hydrolyzed product from the biomass in the feedstock.

Abstract: The process for the hydrolysis of ligno-cellulosic biomass comprises the steps of A) Contacting a ligno-cellulosic feedstock, the feedstock comprised of biomass having a dry content and water with at least a portion of a solvent, the solvent comprised of water soluble hydrolyzed species; wherein at least some of the water soluble hydrolyzed species are the same as the water soluble hydrolyzed species obtainable from the hydrolysis of the biomass in the feedstock; B) maintaining the contact between the feedstock of the feedstock stream and the solvent at a temperature in the range of 20° C. to 200° C. for a time in the range of 5 minutes to 72 hours to create a hydrolyzed product from the biomass in the feedstock.

Abstract: The process for the hydrolysis of ligno-cellulosic biomass comprises the steps of A) Contacting a ligno-cellulosic feedstock, the feedstock comprised of biomass having a dry content and water with at least a portion of a solvent, the solvent comprised of water soluble hydrolyzed species; wherein at least some of the water soluble hydrolyzed species are the same as the water soluble hydrolyzed species obtainable from the hydrolysis of the biomass in the feedstock; B) maintaining the contact between the feedstock of the feedstock stream and the solvent at a temperature in the range of 20° C. to 200° C. for a time in the range of 5 minutes to 72 hours to create a hydrolyzed product from the biomass in the feedstock.

Abstract: The process for the hydrolysis of ligno-cellulosic biomass comprises the steps of A) Contacting a ligno-cellulosic feedstock, the feedstock comprised of biomass having a dry content and water with at least a portion of a solvent, the solvent comprised of water soluble hydrolyzed species; wherein at least some of the water soluble hydrolyzed species are the same as the water soluble hydrolyzed species obtainable from the hydrolysis of the biomass in the feedstock; B) maintaining the contact between the feedstock of the feedstock stream and the solvent at a temperature in the range of 20° C. to 200° C. for a time in the range of 5 minutes to 72 hours to create a hydrolyzed product from the biomass in the feedstock.

Abstract: The process for the hydrolysis of ligno-cellulosic biomass comprises the steps of A) Contacting a ligno-cellulosic feedstock, the feedstock comprised of biomass having a dry content and water with at least a portion of a solvent, the solvent comprised of water soluble hydrolyzed species; wherein at least some of the water soluble hydrolyzed species are the same as the water soluble hydrolyzed species obtainable from the hydrolysis of the biomass in the feedstock; B) maintaining the contact between the feedstock of the feedstock stream and the solvent at a temperature in the range of 20° C. to 200° C. for a time in the range of 5 minutes to 72 hours to create a hydrolyzed product from the biomass in the feedstock.

Abstract: The process for the hydrolysis of ligno-cellulosic biomass comprises the steps of A) Contacting a ligno-cellulosic feedstock, the feedstock comprised of biomass having a dry content and water with at least a portion of a solvent, the solvent comprised of water soluble hydrolyzed species; wherein at least some of the water soluble hydrolyzed species are the same as the water soluble hydrolyzed species obtainable from the hydrolysis of the biomass in the feedstock; B) maintaining the contact between the feedstock of the feedstock stream and the solvent at a temperature in the range of 20° C. to 200° C. for a time in the range of 5 minutes to 72 hours to create a hydrolyzed product from the biomass in the feedstock.

Abstract: A comparator is configured to generate an output voltage representing the comparison between the absolute value of the difference between two input voltages with an adjustable reference voltage. The comparator includes an input differential amplifier, receiving the two input voltages and connected to an active load network controlled by a control voltage, a control circuit that generates the control voltage representing the adjustable reference voltage, and an output stage having a logic circuit configured to produce the output voltage of the comparator as a logic combination of the output voltages of the differential amplifier.

Abstract: The process for the hydrolysis of ligno-cellulosic biomass comprises the steps of A) Contacting a ligno-cellulosic feedstock, the feedstock comprised of biomass having a dry content and water with at least a portion of a solvent, the solvent comprised of water soluble hydrolyzed species; wherein at least some of the water soluble hydrolyzed species are the same as the water soluble hydrolyzed species obtainable from the hydrolysis of the biomass in the feedstock; B) maintaining the contact between the feedstock of the feedstock stream and the solvent at a temperature in the range of 20° C. to 200° C. for a time in the range of 5 minutes to 72 hours to create a hydrolyzed product from the biomass in the feedstock.

Abstract: Described are a system and method for maintaining confidential records of an individual over a publicly accessible network. The system and method provide adequate confidentiality of the confidential records, mobility of individual access to the records, security of the data in the records, individual control of the confidential records, and integration with institutional information systems. The individual selects a publicly accessible record server for storing a confidential record. The confidential record is encrypted and stored by the gateway system on the selected record server. A predetermined agent is given an access token for accessing the confidential record over the network through the gateway server system. In a medical context, for example, the predetermined agent can be a health care institution, a medical research facility, or the individual who is a patient. The individual determines the privileges for the predetermined agent for accessing the confidential records.