Abstract: A proxy server receives a request for a web page from a client device. In response to determining that a portion of the web page is available in cache, the proxy server retrieves that portion and transmits it to the client device. The portion of the web page is not the entire web page and is a prediction of the portion of the page that will remain static if the page is reloaded or requested by a different client device. The proxy server transmits a request to an origin server for the full web page. In response to receiving the full web page from the origin server, the proxy server modifies the full web page to remove the portion that was already transmitted to the client device, and transmits the modified web page to the client device.

Abstract: A request for a web page is received at a proxy server. The request originates from a client network application of a client device. The requested web page includes multiple references to multiple images. The proxy server retrieves the requested web page. The proxy server modifies code of the retrieved web page such that the client network application will not, for each one of those images, initially request those images when parsing the page. The proxy server also adds code to the retrieved web page that, when executed by the client network application, causes at least two of the images to be requested with a single request. The proxy server transmits the modified web page to the client device.

Abstract: A server establishes a secure session with a client device where a private key used in the handshake when establishing the secure session is stored in a different server. During the handshake procedure, the server receives a premaster secret that has been encrypted using a public key bound with a domain for which the client device is attempting to establish a secure session with. The server transmits the encrypted premaster secret to another server for decryption. The server receives the decrypted premaster secret and continues with the handshake procedure including generating a master secret from the decrypted premaster secret and generating one or more session keys that are used in the secure session for encrypting and decrypting communication between the client device and the server.

Abstract: A server establishes a secure session with a client device where a private key used in the handshake when establishing the secure session is stored in a different server. During the handshake procedure, the server receives a premaster secret that has been encrypted using a public key bound with a domain for which the client device is attempting to establish a secure session with. The server transmits the encrypted premaster secret to another server for decryption. The server receives the decrypted premaster secret and continues with the handshake procedure including generating a master secret from the decrypted premaster secret and generating one or more session keys that are used in the secure session for encrypting and decrypting communication between the client device and the server.

Abstract: A spectrometer of the Rowland circle type having an annular steel table on which are supported a plurality of wheeled carriages. Each carriage has a remotely operable magnetic clamping arrangement to clamp it to the table. Each carriage also has a light entrance slit located in the focal plane, a photo-multiplier tube, and an optical fibre for channelling light from the entrance slit to the photo-multiplier tube. A positioning arm, pivotal about a central axis, is provided. The arm has at its free end a gripping arrangement which is remotely operable to grip any selected carriage. The arm is also remotely positionable to any position on the circle so that any particular carriage can be engaged; displaced to any desired new position; disengaged; and left clamped in the new position. An arcuate rule with an optical read head is also provided whereby the position of the arm is determined. The arm and the carriages are in an evacuated and thermally and structurally insulated housing.