Abstract: A program-controlled unit (e.g., a microcontroller) in which trace information (e.g., selected addresses, data and/or control signals) that is processed by a core and which can be used to trace the profile of the processes occurring within the program-controlled unit, are stored and/or output from the program-controlled unit along with corresponding identification codes that are used by an external debugging system to identify the trace information.

Abstract: A program-controlled unit (e.g., a microprocessor) including one or more cores and one or more peripheral component circuits connected to buses (conductive lines), and also including debug resources coupled to the buses for monitoring the transmission of trace information (e.g., selected addresses, data and/or control signals), for generating corresponding signals (e.g., the actual trace information or associated identification codes) that are output from the program-controlled unit or stored in it.

Abstract: The described program controlled unit has first supply voltage connections for applying a first supply voltage to the program controlled unit and second supply voltage connections for applying a second supply voltage to the program controlled unit. The full OCDS module or a part of the OCDS module is supplied with power by the second supply voltage. The remaining components of the program controlled unit are supplied with power by the first supply voltage. This means that the entire OCDS module or part of the OCDS module can actually be supplied with power, before the time at which the remaining parts of the program controlled unit are supplied with power. A debugger supplies the OCDS module with control information that prescribes a particular state of the OCDS module.

Abstract: A program-controlled unit with an on-chip debug support (OCDS) module and a method for debugging a program-controlled unit fitted with the OCDS module by using an external debugger. The described program-controlled unit is characterized in that it includes an access authorization controller unit ensuring that read and/or write accesses to internal and/or external registers, storage and/or the like requested to the OCDS module by components that can be addressed by the OCDS module are executed only when the device requesting relevant access has proven its access authorization. This minimizes the danger of misusing the OCDS module in case of unlimited OCDS module performance.

Abstract: A method and a circuit arrangement for protecting integrated circuits against electrostatic discharge (ESD) during and after packaging. An electrical connection between two integrated circuits is made by producing a low-impedance connection in the first integrated circuit, between a signal pad and a pad for a supply potential. The connection has a portion of reduced cross section, which is preferably severed by a current pulse applied after the arrangement has been assembled in a package and the connection has been electrically bonded to the second integrated circuit. The ESD protection during assembly requires no additional chip surface area.

Abstract: A programmable unit having an OCDS module and a method for using an external debugger to debug the programmable unit equipped with the OCDS module are described. The programmable unit is distinguished in that it has a reset management device by use of which it is possible to determine whether the OCDS module should or should not also be reset when the programmable unit is reset. Therefore, the debugging is not interfered with or interrupted by the programmable unit being reset before or during the debugging process.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to produce a rounding off on a diesel piston comprising a combustion recess and valve recesses that lie at a slant in relation to the piston floor. The rounding off should not significantly increase particle emissions. To this end, the edge of the recess is rounded off in the area of the valve recesses in a special machining phase, the cutting edges of the cutting tool being guided in one or more planes that are parallel to the inclined valve recess surface.

Abstract: A control device is provided for observing and/or changing internal states and processes of a controllable unit from outside the unit. The control device is a component of a network including a server and two or more clients. The clients are system components for initiating or carrying out the observation, change and/or evaluation of the internal states and processes of the programmable unit. Whenever the clients access the programmable unit in order to carry out the necessary tasks they are responsible for, they transmit to the server a request that specifies what action is to be initiated by the access. The server defines how the programmable unit must be accessed in order to carry out the actions specified by the requests, and carries out the corresponding access to the programmable unit.

Abstract: A configuration contains a test unit that, during emulation, replaces a program-controlled unit that is used in normal operation of the system containing the program-controlled unit. The test unit has a first program-controlled unit and a second program-controlled unit. The first program-controlled unit contains only some of the components of the program-controlled unit replaced by the test unit, and the second program-controlled unit contains those components of the program-controlled unit replaced by the test unit that are not contained in the first program-controlled unit. In addition, the first program-controlled unit contains a control device which monitors whether one of the components of the first program-controlled unit requests access to a component not present in the first program-controlled unit and which, if this is so, prompts appropriate access to the corresponding component in the second program-controlled unit.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a first circuit section and a second circuit section, which is necessary or useful for the emulation of the first circuit section. Such an integrated circuit provides the necessary conditions which allow emulating the integrated circuit. An integrated circuit which optionally contains such a second circuit section or another second circuit section or no such circuit section can be fabricated particularly simply if exposure masks are used for fabrication that have respective patterns for fabricating a first circuit section and patterns for fabricating a second circuit section. That part of the exposure masks which serves for fabricating the second circuit section is covered during the fabrication of a first variant of the integrated circuit, and remains uncovered during the fabrication of a second variant of the integrated circuit.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip is characterized in that some of the contact points for connecting the semiconductor chip to other components of a system that contains the chip is provided for making a connection with another semiconductor chip that can be mounted onto the first semiconductor chip and that enhances the functions and/or the power of the latter. Such a configuration allows a small semiconductor chip to be produced in a cost-effective manner, using minimal resources and the chip can be enhanced by any number of modules, without modifying the characteristics of the system, in which it is contained.

Abstract: A program-controlled unit has debug resources for monitoring the operations proceeding within the program-controlled unit. The program-controlled unit described is distinguished by the fact that the debug resources contain a CPU, and/or that a portion of the debug resources is provided for monitoring the operations proceeding within the remainder of the debug resources. Debug resources constructed in this way make it possible for errors occurring in program-controlled units to be localized and eliminated rapidly and simply under all circumstances.

Abstract: A program-controlled unit has debug resources that outputs trace information including selected addresses, data and/or control signals and that can be used to trace the course of the operations occurring within the program-controlled. The debug resources monitor whether a predefined change in the level of one or more predefined bits of the addresses, data and/or control signals contained in the trace information has taken place, and start or terminate the generation of trace information as a function of the result of this check. Additionally or alternatively, the trace information that is output is a component of messages having a variable length portion that contains the trace information. Additionally or alternatively, the trace information that is output is a component of messages, and it is possible to determine which trace information is located at which point within the message.

Abstract: A program-controlled unit is described. The program-controlled unit has a central processing unit (CPU), peripheral units that are connected to the CPU via an internal bus, and debug resources that can be used to trace and influence operations taking place in the program-controlled unit. The program-controlled unit that is described is characterized in that the debug resources and the peripheral units, which output data from the program-controlled unit and/or can receive and pass on data which is supplied to the program-controlled unit from the outside, are connected to one another via a second internal bus. The data that is to be transmitted between the debug resources and devices provided outside the program-controlled unit are transmitted via the second internal bus and individual, a plurality of, or all the peripheral units connected thereto.

Abstract: The program-controlled unit, during the execution of the program, can switch itself to a state in which selected elements that can be connected to form scan chains or all of the elements can no longer change their state, according to a predetermined result. If these elements are then connected to form a scan chain and read out, the data obtained as a result can be used to identify and/or analyze any errors existing in the program-controlled unit rapidly and reliably.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a first circuit section and a second circuit section, which is necessary or useful for the emulation of the first circuit section. Such an integrated circuit provides the necessary conditions which allow emulating the integrated circuit. An integrated circuit which optionally contains such a second circuit section or another second circuit section or no such circuit section can be fabricated particularly simply if exposure masks are used for fabrication that have respective patterns for fabricating a first circuit section and patterns for fabricating a second circuit section. That part of the exposure masks which serves for fabricating the second circuit section is covered during the fabrication of a first variant of the integrated circuit, and remains uncovered during the fabrication of a second variant of the integrated circuit.

Abstract: In an uppermost wiring plane of a mass-produced circuit of a micro-controller, contact faces are provided. To produce an emulation circuit a further wiring plane is added to the mass-produced circuit by way of which internal signals are carried to an external terminal. Acting as an interface is an output chip with further emulation logic capabilities which is applied to the emulation circuit in the manner of a flip-chip assembly.

Abstract: A method for equalizing channel quality differences in a WDM system having N transmitters, N receivers and N channels wherein the following steps are performed: separately measuring in each case a bit error rate of each individual one of the N channels in each one of the N receivers, these being measured in each case at different decider thresholds, deviating from the optimum value, in N first decision circuits; determining the bit error rate at the optimum operating point by extrapolating the measured bit error rates for each individual one of the N channels; determining a Q value for each one of the N channels from the respective associated extrapolated bit error rates; calibrating the N transmitters via a control device by raising the levels of the channels having a high bit error rate and lowering the levels of the channels having a low bit error rate at the ratio of the respective Q value of the channel, the aggregate level of all N channels in the N transmitters being kept constant; and repeating the st

Abstract: A programmable unit is described having one or more program running units for running a program, with at least one of the program running units having an associated stopping device by which it is possible to stop the running of the program by the program running unit with which that stopping device is associated. The described programmable unit is distinguished in that the stopping device can also cause other components of the programmable unit to be stopped, in addition to the program running unit with which it is associated.

Abstract: A program-controlled unit with an on-chip debug support (OCDS) module and a method for debugging a program-controlled unit fitted with the OCDS module by using an external debugger. The described program-controlled unit is characterized in that it includes an access authorization controller unit ensuring that read and/or write accesses to internal and/or external registers, storage and/or the like requested to the OCDS module by components that can be addressed by the OCDS module are executed only when the device requesting relevant access has proven its access authorization. This minimizes the danger of misusing the OCDS module in case of unlimited OCDS module performance.