Abstract: A microscope having two optomechanically coupled observation barrels to permit simultaneous use by two individuals. While each barrel is provided with its own eyepieces and its own magnification system, they share a common optical axis including a single objective lens and a specially designed composite prism which allows part of the observation beam (the light reflected by the object) to pass through it, undiminished, to one of the observation barrels, while the other part of this light is deflected to the other observation barrel by a mirror layer within the prism. The microscope's illumination beam is directed onto the object field along the same common optical axis followed by the returning observation beam, and this illumination is deflected into this optical axis at a point between the object field and the objective lens.

Abstract: In an instrument for the examination and surgery of the eye, an ophthalmological objective is combined with an operation microscope whose main objective is combined with an optical system of variable back focus and focal length. Every plane of the eye lying between the cornea and the fundus is imaged by the instrument at an intermediate image plane. In this way, with a single instrument, the operator can carry out work on the cornea, the eye lens, the vitreous body, and the retina. Since the instrument provides the observer with a reflection-free image, contact of the eye to be operated upon with an optical auxiliary means which eliminates the refractive power is unnecessary.

Abstract: An Nd:YAG laser of small size with a passive quality switch is combined with a slit-lamp instrument, to form an ophthalmological combination instrument for diagnosis and treatment. By a plurality of pulses within a pulse train, which succeed each other within the .mu. sec range, particularly good therapeutic effects are obtained. A second laser, emitting continuous visible radiation, has its beam aligned with the beam of invisible radiation from the first laser, and shows the user at all times the location of the beam of invisible radiation. The visible beam of radiation is split into two beams separated from each other by a light-free zone, and there is provision for blocking and unblocking these two beams alternately, which produces an effect which greatly aids the user in accurate focusing. This combination instrument affords the user the possibility of making a diagnosis and following it immediately by treatment.

Abstract: This invention concerns an electronic flashlight for ophthalmological examination instruments.

Abstract: The invention contemplates an improved optical system for illuminating the retina or ground of the eye and having particular application to a hand-held ophthalmoscope. The optical system, thus embodied, permits selective modification of image scale, for a test mark or marks projected in the eye. Two embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: An eyepiece for use on a microscope when lengths and angles are to be measured. Two glass plates extending perpendicular to the optical axis of the eyepiece are spaced axially from each other to form between them a chamber containing a steel ball which is free to move, by gravity, to the lowest part of this chamber and which thus forms an artificial horizon. One of the glass plates, preferably the one farthest from the eye of the observer, is formed as a reticle, graduated with a diametrically extending linear scale and also with a circumferential series of radially extending angular graduations, read in conjunction with the steel ball to make the desired angular measurements.