Abstract: The invention relates to devices for detecting media. These are distinguished, in particular, by the fact that simply the medium can be detected and/or properties of the or a medium can be determined or monitored. For this purpose, a heating sensor comprising a heating device and at least one p-n junction operated in the forward direction and a reference sensor comprising at least one p-n junction operated in the forward direction are spaced apart from one another. The heating device and the p-n junctions are connected to a control device, which is a control device ascertaining the presence and/or at least one property of the medium from the thermal properties of the medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to devices for detecting the fill level of media in containers. The devices are distinguished, in particular, by a simple and reliable detection of the fill level. For this purpose, multiple measuring points, each consisting of a series circuit of a resistor and a p-n junction, are spaced apart from one another. Each measuring point is connected, on the one hand, to an input of a multiplexer. On the other hand, the measuring points are connected to a reference potential. The output of the multiplexer is connected to a control device, wherein the control device is a control device periodically supplying a voltage to the measuring point connected to the control device via the multiplexer and measuring the voltage drop, a control device determining the medium from the temperature-dependent forward voltages resulting from the different thermal properties of the medium and a control device ascertaining the fill level from the consecutive measuring points.

Abstract: The invention relates to devices for detecting media. These are distinguished, in particular, by the fact that simply the medium can be detected and/or properties of the or a medium can be determined or monitored. For this purpose, a heating sensor comprising a heating device and at least one p-n junction operated in the forward direction and a reference sensor comprising at least one p-n junction operated in the forward direction are spaced apart from one another. The heating device and the p-n junctions are connected to a control device, which is a control device ascertaining the presence and/or at least one property of the medium from the thermal properties of the medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to devices for detecting the fill level of media in containers. The devices are distinguished, in particular, by a simple and reliable detection of the fill level. For this purpose, multiple measuring points, each consisting of a series circuit of a resistor and a p-n junction, are spaced apart from one another. Each measuring point is connected, on the one hand, to an input of a multiplexer. On the other hand, the measuring points are connected to a reference potential. The output of the multiplexer is connected to a control device, wherein the control device is a control device periodically supplying a voltage to the measuring point connected to the control device via the multiplexer and measuring the voltage drop, a control device determining the medium from the temperature-dependent forward voltages resulting from the different thermal properties of the medium and a control device ascertaining the fill level from the consecutive measuring points.

Abstract: In one example, the disclosure relates to plug connections of conductor tracks of at least two interspaced circuit boards with the aid of at least one plug connector. The plug connections are distinguished, for example, by the fact that the conductor tracks are easily electrically conductively interconnected. For this purpose, the plug connector can be a column having a polygonal or star-shaped or conic-section-shaped cross-section. The column can include at least two C-shaped contact springs positioned opposite each other. Moreover, the interspaced circuit boards each include, at the same point, an opening for partially accommodating the column, including plated through-holes, and so the interspaced plated through-holes of the circuit boards can be electrically conductively interconnected via the contact springs of the column.

Abstract: In one example, the disclosure relates to plug connections of conductor tracks of at least two interspaced circuit boards with the aid of at least one plug connector. The plug connections are distinguished, for example, by the fact that the conductor tracks are easily electrically conductively interconnected. For this purpose, the plug connector can be a column having a polygonal or star-shaped or conic-section-shaped cross-section. The column can include at least two C-shaped contact springs positioned opposite each other. Moreover, the interspaced circuit boards each include, at the same point, an opening for partially accommodating the column, including plated through-holes, and so the interspaced plated through-holes of the circuit boards can be electrically conductively interconnected via the contact springs of the column.

Abstract: A sensor for monitoring a medium has an electromagnetic radiation source, mirrors, and a detector for electromagnetic radiation arranged inside a cup-shaped housing part. The cup-shaped part has flat, angularly arranged wall areas defining a cavity in which, outside of the housing, the medium is contained. The flat wall areas are transparent for electromagnetic radiation and arranged in the beam path from the electromagnetic radiation source to the detector so that the electromagnetic radiation passes through first wall, medium in the cavity, and second wall. The first and second wall areas and the medium form a refracting prism. A cover closes off the cup-shaped part so that electromagnetic radiation source, detector, and mirrors are enclosed in the housing. A data processing system is connected to electromagnetic radiation source and detector so that electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths is refracted in the prism and the resulting spectra are detected and evaluated.

Abstract: A sensor for monitoring a medium has an electromagnetic radiation source, mirrors, and a detector for electromagnetic radiation arranged inside a cup-shaped housing part. The cup-shaped part has flat, angularly arranged wall areas defining a cavity in which, outside of the housing, the medium is contained. The flat wall areas are transparent for electromagnetic radiation and arranged in the beam path from the electromagnetic radiation source to the detector so that the electromagnetic radiation passes through first wall, medium in the cavity, and second wall. The first and second wall areas and the medium form a refracting prism. A cover closes off the cup-shaped part so that electromagnetic radiation source, detector, and mirrors are enclosed in the housing. A data processing system is connected to electromagnetic radiation source and detector so that electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths is refracted in the prism and the resulting spectra are detected and evaluated.

Abstract: The invention relates to sensors for monitoring a medium, comprising an electromagnetic radiation source and a detector of electromagnetic radiation, the medium being located in the ray path between the electromagnetic radiation source and the detector and the refraction varying when the medium varies. The sensors are characterized by their ease of production. To that end, the electromagnetic radiation source and detector are disposed in at least one housing. Furthermore, either at least one region or at least one component of the housing consists of material which is transparent to electromagnetic radiation, the medium being located in the region or at the component of the housing. At least one wall of the region is so disposed or designed that the radiation for refraction impinges on or emerges from the surface at an angle which is different from 90°.

Abstract: The invention relates to sensors for monitoring a medium, comprising an electromagnetic radiation source and a detector of electromagnetic radiation, the medium being located in the ray path between the electromagnetic radiation source and the detector and the refraction varying when the medium varies. The sensors are characterized by their ease of production. To that end, the electromagnetic radiation source and detector are disposed in at least one housing. Furthermore, either at least one region or at least one component of the housing consists of material which is transparent to electromagnetic radiation, the medium being located in the region or at the component of the housing. At least one wall of the region is so disposed or designed that the radiation for refraction impinges on or emerges from the surface at an angle which is different from 90°.

Abstract: The invention relates to sensors for monitoring a medium comprising at least one electromagnetic radiation source and a detector of electromagnetic radiation, the medium being located in the ray path between the electromagnetic radiation source and the detector. The sensors are characterized by their ease of production. To that end, the electromagnetic radiation source and detector are disposed in at least one housing. Furthermore, the housing comprises two flat wall regions which are arranged at a mutual angle and are transparent to the electromagnetic radiation, such that these wall regions and the medium located thereat form a prism which refracts the electromagnetic radiation. In addition, the detector is at least a one-dimensional sensor comprising photo diodes for the refracted electromagnetic radiation, a spectrum which varies when the medium varies being detectable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-temperature sensor, which can be used at temperatures of at least 600° C. and comprises a metallic protective tube and a measuring resistance that is surrounded by a ceramic powder. The measuring resistance is connected to the electric cable by means of stress-relieved measuring resistance connecting wires and internal conductors. The latter are provided with a solid and/or flexible insulation consisting of a ceramic material. The measuring resistance and the internal conductors are arranged in a metallic protective tube, which narrows in the vicinity of the measuring resistance. The ceramic powder contains admixtures of oxygen-giving oxide compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-temperature sensor, which can be used at temperatures of at least 600° C. and comprises a metallic protective tube and a measuring resistance that is surrounded by a ceramic powder. The measuring resistance is connected to the electric cable by means of stress-relieved measuring resistance connecting wires and internal conductors. The latter are provided with a solid and/or flexible insulation consisting of a ceramic material. The measuring resistance and the internal conductors are arranged in a metallic protective tube, which narrows in the vicinity of the measuring resistance. The ceramic powder contains admixtures of oxygen-giving oxide compounds.