Abstract: Encoded information means located on an infrastructure to be decoded by sensors located on mobiles, in such a way that these means encode the position they occupy in the infrastructure and allow for a mobile travelling along the same trajectory, provided with the adequate sensor, to read, decode and transform it immediately into information on its exact position in the infrastructure and being characterised by the fact that along the same trajectory described by a mobile it is possible to encode information in the infrastructure by means of different objects presenting dielectric change boundaries or dielectric/metal boundaries at different heights or distances regarding the origin of the onboard sensor, these boundaries being interrogated by a sensor on board the mobile by means of pressure or electromagnetic waves and by measuring the time the waves take to return to the sensor, making it possible to determine the distance at which the reflections occur and in this way to extract the information.

Abstract: A speed control and track change detection device for railways is characterised in that it comprises three high-frequency radar sensors located at the vertices of an imaginary triangle and a digital processing device for processing the signals detected by the radars, wherein in the case of the speed control system, both sensors are located at 1 m distance from each other along the axis of the path of the railway and inspect the ground of the infrastructure 2 cm away from the outside of each rail, and according to the temporal offset of the signals obtained the digital processing device estimates the exact speed of the train.

Abstract: A semi-automated convoy transport system for vehicles, wherein a first vehicle referred to as leader includes a system for positioning the vehicle with respect to the infrastructure recording the trajectory over which it drives and transmits said trajectory, together with other information, to the rest of vehicles of the convoy that follow it, via a communication channel. The vehicles that follow the leader include a positioning system and a navigation system which, using the data sent by the leader, follow the trajectory travelled by the leader. In addition, the system includes in the vehicles two front plugs and two rear plugs for receiving respective 8-conductor spiral cables and an extensible rod ending in a V-shaped clamp, which allows the resilient spiral cables to be connected to or disconnected from the vehicle in front or behind.

Abstract: Encoded information means located on an infrastructure to be decoded by sensors located on mobiles, in such a way that these means encode the position they occupy in the infrastructure and allow for a mobile travelling along the same trajectory, provided with the adequate sensor, to read, decode and transform it immediately into information on its exact position in the infrastructure and being characterised by the fact that along the same trajectory described by a mobile it is possible to encode information in the infrastructure by means of different objects presenting dielectric change boundaries or dielectric/metal boundaries at different heights or distances regarding the origin of the onboard sensor, these boundaries being interrogated by a sensor on board the mobile by means of pressure or electromagnetic waves and by measuring the time the waves take to return to the sensor, making it possible to determine the distance at which the reflections occur and in this way to extract the information.

Abstract: The invention relates to encoded surfaces that are read by a three-dimensional radar imaging system. The reader scans different zones in a pre-determined area of the encoded surface, each of said zones comprising projections or indentations, similar to Braille. The image obtained can be used to estimate the position of the camera relative to the known pattern. The relative movement between the reader and the encoded surface allows other areas of the surface to be scanned and, in this way, the sensor can decode a message etched along the path followed by the imaging sensor.

Abstract: System of automatic guidance of vehicles by means of the detection of changes of the dielectric properties in a pre-recorded rail-guide, wherein the dielectric changes are detected by a high resolution radar device and wherein there is a control system of the vehicle that has the ancillary means required to convert it to an auto guidance system characterized in that the system is composed by a pre-recorded rail-guide (1) an information reading device (11) and auxiliary means of vehicle control (12).

Abstract: The recommended invention refers to low speed vehicle guidance and positioning system by means of optical systems in surroundings where the lighting conditions are controlled and where a video camera attached to a vehicle that moves along a certain route aims at some part of the infrastructure (preferably the ground) and in the infrastructure there is coded information throughout the route on the vehicle's position with respect to a system of coordinates by means of shapes that are detected by the camera. The relative movement of the reader with respect to the coded surface allows interrogating other areas of the surface and in this way the sensor is capable of decoding a message recorded throughout the route that the imaging sensor follows.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a positioning system for the hyperloop means of transport that comprises a group of readers installed on the pod that query the infrastructure by means of electromagnetic or pressure waves. Along the length of the route of the tube through which the pod travels, there is information encoded by passive elements that make up a message that is readable by the sensors. Once the message has been decoded, it is possible to determine the longitudinal forward movement of the pod and its rotation with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube, because the tube presents different information encoded both longitudinally and angularly.

Abstract: A speed control and track change detection device for railways is characterised in that it comprises three high-frequency radar sensors located at the vertices of an imaginary triangle and a digital processing device for processing the signals detected by the radars, wherein in the case of the speed control system, both sensors are located at 1 m distance from each other along the axis of the path of the railway and inspect the ground of the infrastructure 2 cm away from the outside of each rail, and according to the temporal offset of the signals obtained the digital processing device estimates the exact speed of the train.

Abstract: The invention relates to encoded surfaces that are read by a three-dimensional radar imaging system. The reader scans different zones in a pre-determined area of the encoded surface, each of said zones comprising projections or indentations, similar to Braille. The image obtained can be used to estimate the position of the camera relative to the known pattern. The relative movement between the reader and the encoded surface allows other areas of the surface to be scanned and, in this way, the sensor can decode a message etched along the path followed by the imaging sensor.

Abstract: The invention refers to coded material means that are read by sensitive sensors through the relative displacement of both in a certain direction, where the sensor interrogates an area of the coded information medium located in a material environment being capable of extracting the necessary information by means of the distance from the sensor to the interrogated area of the medium where the information resides in the thickness of the interrogated area of the medium or the composition of the interrogated area of the medium or in the difference of materials of different dielectric constants.

Abstract: System of automatic guidance of vehicles by means of the detection of changes of the dielectric properties in a pre-recorded rail-guide, wherein the dielectric changes are detected by a high resolution radar device and wherein the control system of the vehicle has the ancillary means required to convert it to an auto guidance system characterized in that the system is composed of the following elements: pre-recorded rail-guide (1) information reading device auxiliary means of the control of the vehicle.