Abstract: A nonreciprocal phased-array antenna includes an array of resonant antennas a1, . . . , an. During transmission, an outbound signal having a frequency f0 and a phase shift ?di caused by propagation through a data network feeds into each resonant antenna ai. Each resonant antenna ai upconverts the outbound signal using a modulation signal having a frequency fm and a phase shift ?mi caused by propagation through a modulation network to produce an upconverted radiated signal having a frequency f0+fm and a phase proportionate to ?di+?mi. During reception, an inbound signal of frequency f0+fm is received at each resonant antenna ai and is downconverted using the modulation signal to produce a downconverted signal having a frequency f0 and a phase proportionate to ??mi. After passing through the data network to the inbound port, the downconverted signal has a phase proportionate to ?di??mi.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal phased-array antenna includes an array of resonant antennas a1, . . . , an. During transmission, an outbound signal having a frequency f0 and a phase shift ?di caused by propagation through a data network feeds into each resonant antenna ai. Each resonant antenna ai upconverts the outbound signal using a modulation signal having a frequency fm and a phase shift ?mi caused by propagation through a modulation network to produce an upconverted radiated signal having a frequency f0+fm and a phase proportionate to ?di+?mi. During reception, an inbound signal of frequency f0+fm is received at each resonant antenna ai and is downconverted using the modulation signal to produce a downconverted signal having a frequency f0 and a phase proportionate to ??mi. After passing through the data network to the inbound port, the downconverted signal has a phase proportionate to ?di??mi.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to the design of a system that implements a reflectarray antenna. The system includes a time-modulated metasurface, which is configured to act as a planar reflector for an electromagnetic wave that is radiated by a feeder into free space at an operation frequency f0. The time-modulated metasurface includes time-modulated unit-cells that provide a nonlinear conversion between f0 and another desired frequency fd. The system also includes a phase-delay mechanism, which adjusts a phase delay by acting on a phase applied to a modulation frequency fm that modulates each unit-cell. The nonlinear conversion and the phase-delay mechanism operate collectively to facilitate angle-independent nonreciprocity by imposing different phase gradients during up-conversion and down-conversion processes, and by preventing generation of certain propagative harmonics due to total internal reflection.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal phased-array antenna includes an array of resonant antennas a1, . . . , an. During transmission, an outbound signal having a frequency f0 and a phase shift ?di caused by propagation through a data network feeds into each resonant antenna ai. Each resonant antenna ai upconverts the outbound signal using a modulation signal having a frequency fm and a phase shift ?mi caused by propagation through a modulation network to produce an upconverted radiated signal having a frequency f0+fm and a phase proportionate to ?di+?mi. During reception, an inbound signal of frequency f0+fm is received at each resonant antenna ai and is downconverted using the modulation signal to produce a downconverted signal having a frequency f0 and a phase proportionate to ??mi. After passing through the data network to the inbound port, the downconverted signal has a phase proportionate to ?di??mi.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to the design of a system that implements a reflectarray antenna. The system includes a time-modulated metasurface, which is configured to act as a planar reflector for an electromagnetic wave that is radiated by a feeder into free space at an operation frequency f0. The time-modulated metasurface includes time-modulated unit-cells that provide a nonlinear conversion between f0 and another desired frequency fd. The system also includes a phase-delay mechanism, which adjusts a phase delay by acting on a phase applied to a modulation frequency fm that modulates each unit-cell. The nonlinear conversion and the phase-delay mechanism operate collectively to facilitate angle-independent nonreciprocity by imposing different phase gradients during up-conversion and down-conversion processes, and by preventing generation of certain propagative harmonics due to total internal reflection.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal phased-array antenna includes an array of resonant antennas a1, . . . , an. During transmission, an outbound signal having a frequency f0 and a phase shift ?di caused by propagation through a data network feeds into each resonant antenna ai. Each resonant antenna a, upconverts the outbound signal using a modulation signal having a frequency fm and a phase shift ?mi caused by propagation through a modulation network to produce an upconverted radiated signal having a frequency f0+fm and a phase proportionate to ?di+?mi. During reception, an inbound signal of frequency f0+fm is received at each resonant antenna ai and is downconverted using the modulation signal to produce a downconverted signal having a frequency f0 and a phase proportionate to ??mi. After passing through the data network to the inbound port, the downconverted signal has a phase proportionate to ?di??mi.