Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions which comprise at least two components comprising a magnesium compound and glutamine, often three components, a high bioavailability magnesium salt or chelate, a low bioavailability magnesium salt or chelate and glutamine (often as a neutral species or as a zwitterionic salt). It has been discovered unexpectedly that the compositions which contain these two or three components are effective at treating/inhibiting metabolic syndrome and its symptomology, including insulin resistance, and related disease states and/or conditions. Compositions according to the present invention also inhibit/treat dysbiosis such that the gut microbiome is maintained or returns to normal.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition generally includes a compound that reduces H2S in the gut of a subject and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the compound that reduces H2S in the gut of a subject can include magnesium or a salt thereof, bismuth or a salt thereof, molybdenum or a salt thereof, zinc or a salt thereof, iron or a salt thereof, nickel or a salt thereof, nitrate or a salt thereof, cobinamide or a salt thereof, a heme protein, an antimicrobial, an antibiotic, a prebiotic, a probiotic, or a synbiotic. In another aspect, a method of detecting H2S-mediated hyperdynamic circulation, or a consequence thereof in a subject having, or at risk of having, H2S-mediated hyperdynamic circulation generally includes obtaining a biological sample from the subject, measuring H2S in the sample, and identifying the subject as having H2S-mediated hyperdynamic circulation if the H2S measured in the sample is greater than a predetermined threshold.