Abstract: Disclosed is a GEL codeword structure encoding method. The method includes: first transforming an HC of a code B into an HB; obtaining a parity bit of the code B by performing an operation on the HB and an information bit of the code B; using the parity bit to perform RS coding on a code A, to obtain a parity bit of the code A; then obtaining a check code of a GEL code by performing an operation on the parity bits of the code B and the code A; and finally adding a single bit parity check bit, where the code A is defined in a finite field GF (2l1), the code B is defined in a finite field GF (2l2), and 11 and 12 are positive integers. A success rate of decoding the code A in the first row can be improved using this method.