Abstract: The safe pixel is code embedded in a web page that is executed when the web page is accessed by a user agent. When the safe pixel is executed, the safe pixel collects information about the device and invokes the execution of one or more abuse detection functions. Each abuse detection function implements a different technique for estimating the likelihood of abusive behavior being the cause of the safe pixel being executed. The safe pixel transmits in a reporting message the local information and the results of the abuse detection function executions to a traffic server. The traffic server analyzes the reporting message to make a determination of the validity of the action that caused the safe pixel being executed.