Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for training an image embedding model. In one aspect, a method comprises: obtaining training data comprising a plurality of training examples, wherein each training example comprises: an image pair comprising a first image and a second image; and selection data indicating one or more of: (i) a co-click rate of the image pair, and (ii) a similar-image click rate of the image pair; and using the training data to train an image embedding model having a plurality of image embedding model parameters.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for selecting actions for an agent at a specific real-world location using historical data generated at the same real-world location. One of the methods includes determining a current geolocation of an agent within an environment; obtaining historical data for geolocations in a vicinity of the current geolocation of the agent from a database that maintains historical data for a plurality of geolocations within the environment, the historical data for each geolocation comprising observations generated at least in part from sensor readings of the geolocation captured by vehicles navigating through the environment; generating an embedding of the obtained historical data; and providing the embedding as an input to a policy decision-making system that selects actions to be performed by the agent.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for training an image embedding model. In one aspect, a method comprises: obtaining training data comprising a plurality of training examples, wherein each training example comprises: an image pair comprising a first image and a second image; and selection data indicating one or more of: (i) a co-click rate of the image pair, and (ii) a similar-image click rate of the image pair; and using the training data to train an image embedding model having a plurality of image embedding model parameters.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for realizing a multimodal image classifier. In an aspect, a method includes, for each image of a plurality of images: processing the image by a textual generator model to obtain a set of phrases that are descriptive of the content of the image, wherein each phrase is one or more terms, processing the set of phrases by a textual embedding model to obtain an embedding of predicted text for the image, and processing the image using an image embedding model to obtain an embedding of image pixels of the image. Then a multimodal image classifier is trained on the embeddings of predicted text for the images and the embeddings of image pixels for the images to produce, as output, labels of an output taxonomy to classify an image based on the image as input.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for jointly training an image embedding model and a text embedding model. In one aspect, a method comprises: processing data from a historical query log of a search system to generate a candidate set of training examples, wherein each training example comprises: (i) a search query comprising a sequence of one or more words, (ii) an image, and (iii) selection data characterizing how often users selected the image in response to the image being identified by a search result for the search query; selecting a plurality of training examples from the candidate set of training examples; and using the training data to jointly train the image embedding model and the text embedding model.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for realizing a multimodal image classifier. In an aspect, a method includes, for each image of a plurality of images: processing the image by a textual generator model to obtain a set of phrases that are descriptive of the content of the image, wherein each phrase is one or more terms, processing the set of phrases by a textual embedding model to obtain an embedding of predicted text for the image, and processing the image using an image embedding model to obtain an embedding of image pixels of the image. Then a multimodal image classifier is trained on the embeddings of predicted text for the images and the embeddings of image pixels for the images to produce, as output, labels of an output taxonomy to classify an image based on the image as input.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for training an image embedding model. In one aspect, a method comprises: obtaining training data comprising a plurality of training examples, wherein each training example comprises: an image pair comprising a first image and a second image; and selection data indicating one or more of: (i) a co-click rate of the image pair, and (ii) a similar-image click rate of the image pair; and using the training data to train an image embedding model having a plurality of image embedding model parameters.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for training an image embedding model. In one aspect, a method comprises: obtaining training data comprising a plurality of training examples, wherein each training example comprises: an image pair comprising a first image and a second image; and selection data indicating one or more of: (i) a co-click rate of the image pair, and (ii) a similar-image click rate of the image pair; and using the training data to train an image embedding model having a plurality of image embedding model parameters.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for realizing a multimodal image classifier. In an aspect, a method includes, for each image of a plurality of images: processing the image by a textual generator model to obtain a set of phrases that are descriptive of the content of the image, wherein each phrase is one or more terms, processing the set of phrases by a textual embedding model to obtain an embedding of predicted text for the image, and processing the image using an image embedding model to obtain an embedding of image pixels of the image. Then a multimodal image classifier is trained on the embeddings of predicted text for the images and the embeddings of image pixels for the images to produce, as output, labels of an output taxonomy to classify an image based on the image as input.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for selecting actions for an agent at a specific real-world location using historical data generated at the same real-world location. One of the methods includes determining a current geolocation of an agent within an environment; obtaining historical data for geolocations in a vicinity of the current geolocation of the agent from a database that maintains historical data for a plurality of geolocations within the environment, the historical data for each geolocation comprising observations generated at least in part from sensor readings of the geolocation captured by vehicles navigating through the environment; generating an embedding of the obtained historical data; and providing the embedding as an input to a policy decision-making system that selects actions to be performed by the agent.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for training an image embedding model. In one aspect, a method comprises: obtaining training data comprising a plurality of training examples, wherein each training example comprises: an image pair comprising a first image and a second image; and selection data indicating one or more of: (i) a co-click rate of the image pair, and (ii) a similar-image click rate of the image pair; and using the training data to train an image embedding model having a plurality of image embedding model parameters.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for jointly training an image embedding model and a text embedding model. In one aspect, a method comprises: processing data from a historical query log of a search system to generate a candidate set of training examples, wherein each training example comprises: (i) a search query comprising a sequence of one or more words, (ii) an image, and (iii) selection data characterizing how often users selected the image in response to the image being identified by a search result for the search query; selecting a plurality of training examples from the candidate set of training examples; and using the training data to jointly train the image embedding model and the text embedding model.