Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for treating viral infections, including treatments for treatments for coronavirus infections, such as SARS-CoV-2 infections, and illnesses due to the viral infections, such as COVID-19 is provided herein. Also provided are methods for treating viral infections as well as illnesses due to viral infections, such as COVID-19.

Abstract: A method for treating an early-stage microbial infection comprising determining whether a subject exposed to a coronavirus, such as SARS-CoV-2, or suspected of being exposed to a microbe, or exposed to another infected with or suspected of being infected with a coronavirus and, if the subject is infected with the coronavirus, administering an antimicrobial agent is provided herein.

Abstract: A system and method for conducting payment transaction using a mobile device equipped with a NFC interrogator, comprising: creating a payer user account in a server and associating a payer mobile device with the payer user account; registering, by the server, a payee NFC identity tag; recording, by the server, a payment transaction and associating the payment transaction record to the payee NFC identity tag; interrogating the payee NFC identity tag by the payer mobile device; transmitting the acquired identifier of the payee NFC identity tag to the server; matching the received identifier to the associated payment transaction record; retrieving and sending to the payer mobile device the matched associated payment transaction information; displaying the payment transaction information in the payer mobile device for user confirmation; transmitting the confirmed information and the payer mobile device identification data to the server to complete the payment transaction.

Abstract: A process of sending and receiving emails using uniquely associated mobile communication devices involving a sender and a recipient, both registered users in a secure email communication system. The use of uniquely associated mobile communication devices with additional user authentication in the email sending and receiving ensures the authenticity of the sender and the recipient. Furthermore, the process of sending and receiving emails through the secure email communication system includes multiple levels of encryption and decryption of emails.

Abstract: The coupon exchange platform involves multiple merchants, consumers, and coupon providers. Because a merchant usually interacts directly with consumers in commercial activities, a merchant is in the ideal position to distribute coupons, and not only the ones from its own but also those from other sources. As such, the merchants in the system, for appropriate compensations, serve to provide channels for coupon distribution or placements, whereas the coupon providers pay to deliver their coupon through the merchants. The coupon bidding process comprises retrieving the pre-configured coupon acceptance criteria of a merchant; and identifying the matched coupons provided by the coupon providers, wherein each of the one or more matched coupons is associated with a set of coupon offering parameters that satisfy or match the coupon acceptance criteria of the merchant user. The “winning” coupons can be delivered to a consumer upon the completion of the consumer's payment transaction.

Abstract: A method for exchanging data between a first mobile application and a second mobile application running in a mobile communication device, comprising: determining, by the first mobile application, a registered protocol handler of the second mobile application, wherein the registered protocol handler of the second mobile application is recorded in the mobile communication device upon installation of the second mobile application in the mobile communication device; forming, by the first mobile application, a query string of one or more parameter name-value pairs to be appended to the registered protocol handler of the second mobile application; requesting, by the first mobile application, the registered protocol handler of the second mobile application that is appended with the query string; receiving, by the second mobile application, the request by the first mobile application; and extracting, by the second mobile application, the one or more parameter name-value pairs in the query string.

Abstract: The user authentication method comprises: a central processing server generates an encoded data, such as a QR code, from encoding a session number, which can be randomly generated; a first client computing device displays a login page that includes the QR code to a user for authentication; the user uses a mobile communication that has already been registered and paired with the user account stored in the central processing server to image-capture the QR code, and sends the decoded QR code data to the central processing server; the central processing server validates the decoded QR code data against the session number; upon a positive validation, the user may need to enter his/her security PIN according to configuration in the second mobile communication and be sent to the central processing server for validation; and upon a positive validation, the user authentication is completed.

Abstract: A system and method for conducting payment transaction using a mobile device equipped with a NFC interrogator, comprising: creating a payer user account in a server and associating a payer mobile device with the payer user account; registering, by the server, a payee NFC identity tag; recording, by the server, a payment transaction and associating the payment transaction record to the payee NFC identity tag; interrogating the payee NFC identity tag by the payer mobile device; transmitting the acquired identifier of the payee NFC identity tag to the server; matching the received identifier to the associated payment transaction record; retrieving and sending to the payer mobile device the matched associated payment transaction information; displaying the payment transaction information in the payer mobile device for user confirmation; transmitting the confirmed information and the payer mobile device identification data to the server to complete the payment transaction.

Abstract: A clone attack on the security of the mobile payment system occurs when a transaction is conducted from more than one mobile communication device for a user account, or when the data communication within the transaction is transmitted from more than one mobile communication device or from a mobile communication device other than the mobile communication device that was registered initially. The presently claimed clone defense method and system employ a first counter in each data communication message, a second counter at the sending end, and a third counter at the receiving end. By incrementing the counters when sending and receiving the data communication messages and matching the counters at the receiving end, clone attacks can be detected.

Abstract: A system and method for conducting secure payment using mobile communication devices, comprising: creating a first user account and a second user account in a central processing server, wherein the first user account creation comprises pairing a first mobile communication device with the first user account; generating, by the central processing server or a second device, a QR code for the second user; optically capturing and decoding the QR code by the first mobile communication device; transmitting the decoded information along with a security PIN provided by the first user to the central processing server upon user verification and confirmation; upon the successful authentication of the first user, transferring funds from the first user account to the second user account; and sending, by the central processing server, to the first user and the second user a notification of the result of the funds transfer.