Abstract: Sensorised wheel hub unit and a method for detecting, in real time, forces and moments applied to an outer ring of the wheel hub unit in which piezoresistive ceramic plates are made of one piece with welded metal plates housed within respective recesses formed in an outer surface of the outer ring over respective races for rolling elements that there is a gap between the plates and a base wall of each recess; the temperature of the outer ring and the amplitude and frequency of first electrical signals (S1) associated with the sensors relating to the same race are analysed to determine a frequency value equal to the frequency of the first signal having the maximum amplitude and as many amplitude values (D1-Dn) as there are sensors associated with that race and each equal to the maximum amplitude of the first signal from each sensor, corrected according to temperature.

Abstract: A sensorized hub bearing unit having at least one strain sensor for detecting, in real time, forces and moments applied to an outer ring of the hub bearing unit, in which a radially outer ring of the hub bearing unit is formed by a coupling of a first annular element and a second annular element arranged coaxially, the second annular element radially fitted and integrally inside the first annular element and at least one strain sensor arranged in line with an interface between the first annular element and the second annular element.

Abstract: Sensorised wheel hub unit and a method for detecting, in real time, forces and moments applied to an outer ring of the wheel hub unit in which piezoresistive ceramic plates are made of one piece with welded metal plates housed within respective recesses formed in an outer surface of the outer ring over respective races for rolling elements that there is a gap between the plates and a base wall of each recess; the temperature of the outer ring and the amplitude and frequency of first electrical signals (S1) associated with the sensors relating to the same race are analysed to determine a frequency value equal to the frequency of the first signal having the maximum amplitude and as many amplitude values (D1-Dn) as there are sensors associated with that race and each equal to the maximum amplitude of the first signal from each sensor, corrected according to temperature.

Abstract: Sensorised wheel hub unit and a method for detecting, in real time, forces and moments applied to an outer ring of the wheel hub unit in which piezoresistive ceramic plates are made of one piece with welded metal plates housed within respective recesses formed in an outer surface of the outer ring over respective races for rolling elements that there is a gap between the plates and a base wall of each recess; the temperature of the outer ring and the amplitude and frequency of first electrical signals (S1) associated with the sensors relating to the same race are analysed to determine a frequency value equal to the frequency of the first signal having the maximum amplitude and as many amplitude values (D1-Dn) as there are sensors associated with that race and each equal to the maximum amplitude of the first signal from each sensor, corrected according to temperature.

Abstract: Sensorised wheel hub unit and a method for detecting, in real time, forces and moments applied to an outer ring of the wheel hub unit in which piezoresistive ceramic plates are made of one piece with welded metal plates housed within respective recesses formed in an outer surface of the outer ring over respective races for rolling elements in such a way that there is a gap between the plates and a base wall of each recess; in which the temperature of the outer ring and the amplitude and frequency of first electrical signals (S1) associated with the sensors relating to the same race are analysed to determine a frequency value equal to the frequency of the first signal having the maximum amplitude and as many amplitude values (D1-Dn) as there are sensors associated with that race and each equal to the maximum amplitude of the first signal from each sensor, corrected according to the temperature.

Abstract: A sensorized hub bearing unit having at least one strain sensor for detecting, in real time, forces and moments applied to an outer ring of the hub bearing unit, in which a radially outer ring of the hub bearing unit is formed by a coupling of a first annular element and a second annular element arranged coaxially, the second annular element radially fitted and integrally inside the first annular element and at least one strain sensor arranged in line with an interface between the first annular element and the second annular element.

Abstract: A hub bearing module for a lightweight suspension upright or knuckle of a vehicle, the hub bearing module including a wheel bearing and a bearing connection interface to the suspension upright or knuckle, the bearing connection interface being arranged coaxial with the rolling bearing and including a first sleeve element and a second sleeve element arranged radially outside the first sleeve element and including a composite, preferably BMC (Bulk Molding Compound) annular body having a radially inner lateral surface mechanically coupled to the first sleeve element and a radially outer lateral surface configured to mechanically and chemically couple with the suspension upright or knuckle.

Abstract: Sensorised wheel hub unit and a method for detecting, in real time, forces and moments applied to an outer ring of the wheel hub unit in which piezoresistive ceramic plates are made of one piece with welded metal plates housed within respective recesses formed in an outer surface of the outer ring over respective races for rolling elements in such a way that there is a gap between the plates and a base wall of each recess; in which the temperature of the outer ring and the amplitude and frequency of first electrical signals (S1) associated with the sensors relating to the same race are analysed to determine a frequency value equal to the frequency of the first signal having the maximum amplitude and as many amplitude values (D1-Dn) as there are sensors associated with that race and each equal to the maximum amplitude of the first signal from each sensor, corrected according to the temperature.

Abstract: A hub bearing module for a lightweight suspension upright or knuckle of a vehicle, the hub bearing module including a wheel bearing and a bearing connection interface to the suspension upright or knuckle, the bearing connection interface being arranged coaxial with the rolling bearing and including a first sleeve element and a second sleeve element arranged radially outside the first sleeve element and including a composite, preferably BMC (Bulk Molding Compound) annular body having a radially inner lateral surface mechanically coupled to the first sleeve element and a radially outer lateral surface configured to mechanically and chemically couple with the suspension upright or knuckle.

Abstract: A hub bearing assembly includes a hub of light metallic material forming a cylindrical portion, on which an inner tubular ring having a raceway is mounted; on the first inner tubular ring a second inner ring having a second raceway is fastened; formed between the cylindrical portion of the hub and the inner tubular ring is a cylindrical interstice containing a brazing bonding material or a structural adhesive which integrally binds the hub to the first inner tubular ring.

Abstract: A method of setting a desired axial preload FP in a bearing arrangement by selecting a shim that will generate the desired preload at a predetermined axial force FA applied by a clamping element, such as a locknut. The method comprises steps of: (a) mounting a reference shim, having a known thickness t, and preloading the bearing arrangement using the shim, by applying the predetermined axial force FA; (b) measuring the actual preload of the bearing arrangement Factual; and (c) constructing an analytical model that defines a correlation between bearing preload and applied axial force on the bearing arrangement, for a plurality of different shims, whereby each shim in the plurality of shims is defined in terms of an initial axial gap ? between the shim and an axially displaceable bearing ring of the bearing arrangement, and in terms of a certain clamping force at which the gap becomes zero.

Abstract: A hub bearing assembly includes a hub made of lightweight metallic material and forming a cylindrical portion, on which a tubular inner ring providing a raceway is mounted; a second inner ring is fixed on the first tubular inner ring and provides a second raceway; a cylindrical interstice is formed between the cylindrical portion of the hub and the tubular inner ring and contains a structural adhesive which integrally joins the hub to the first tubular inner ring.

Abstract: A hub bearing assembly includes a hub of light metallic material forming a cylindrical portion, on which an inner tubular ring having a raceway is mounted; on the first inner tubular ring a second inner ring having a second raceway is fastened; formed between the cylindrical portion of the hub and the inner tubular ring is a cylindrical interstice containing a brazing bonding material or a structural adhesive which integrally binds the hub to the first inner tubular ring.

Abstract: A hub bearing assembly includes a hub made of lightweight metallic material and forming a cylindrical portion, on which a tubular inner ring providing a raceway is mounted; a second inner ring is fixed on the first tubular inner ring and provides a second raceway; a cylindrical interstice is formed between the cylindrical portion of the hub and the tubular inner ring and contains a structural adhesive which integrally joins the hub to the first tubular inner ring.