Abstract: Optical modulators are described having a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a pair of RF electrodes interfaced with the Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which the Mach-Zehnder interferometer comprises optical waveguides formed from semiconductor material. The optical modulator additionally comprises a plurality of phase shifters configured to interface with the plurality of interconnected optical waveguides such that at least one phase shifter of the plurality of phase shifters is interfaced with at least one optical waveguide of the plurality of interconnected optical waveguides. A phase shifter controller, including an energy source with a variable output controlled by the controller and a plurality of electrical connections connecting the energy source to each of the plurality of phase shifters, is also included. In various embodiments, the plurality of electrical connections are configured to provide approximately equal power to each of the phase shifting elements from the energy source.

Abstract: Optical modulators are described having a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a pair of RF electrodes interfaced with the Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which the Mach-Zehnder interferometer comprises optical waveguides formed from semiconductor material. The optical modulator additionally comprises a plurality of phase shifters configured to interface with the plurality of interconnected optical waveguides such that at least one phase shifter of the plurality of phase shifters is interfaced with at least one optical waveguide of the plurality of interconnected optical waveguides. A phase shifter controller, including an energy source with a variable output controlled by the controller and a plurality of electrical connections connecting the energy source to each of the plurality of phase shifters, is also included. In various embodiments, the plurality of electrical connections are configured to provide approximately equal power to each of the phase shifting elements from the energy source.

Abstract: Optical modulators are described having a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a pair of RF electrodes interfaced with the Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which the Mach-Zehnder interferometer comprises optical waveguides formed from semiconductor material. The optical modulator additionally comprises a plurality of phase shifters configured to interface with the plurality of interconnected optical waveguides such that at least one phase shifter of the plurality of phase shifters is interfaced with at least one optical waveguide of the plurality of interconnected optical waveguides. A phase shifter controller, including an energy source with a variable output controlled by the controller and a plurality of electrical connections connecting the energy source to each of the plurality of phase shifters, is also included. In various embodiments, the plurality of electrical connections are configured to provide approximately equal power to each of the phase shifting elements from the energy source.

Abstract: Optical modulators are described having a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a pair of RF electrodes interfaced with the Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which the Mach-Zehnder interferometer comprises optical waveguides formed from semiconductor material. The optical modulator additionally comprises a plurality of phase shifters configured to interface with the plurality of interconnected optical waveguides such that at least one phase shifter of the plurality of phase shifters is interfaced with at least one optical waveguide of the plurality of interconnected optical waveguides. A phase shifter controller, including an energy source with a variable output controlled by the controller and a plurality of electrical connections connecting the energy source to each of the plurality of phase shifters, is also included. In various embodiments, the plurality of electrical connections are configured to provide approximately equal power to each of the phase shifting elements from the energy source.

Abstract: An optical assembly includes an optical package having a wall with an aperture and includes a laser device capable of emitting a laser beam through the aperture and a collimator including a sleeve defining a first and a second end, the collimator including a terminating portion of an optical fiber. In addition, the assembly includes a joint element having a first and a second surface, the first surface contacting the wall around the aperture in a first contact area, and the second surface including a convex surface contacting a portion of the surface of the sleeve in correspondence of its first end in a second contact area, the convex surface being at least partially inserted in the sleeve, so that the collimator is aligned with respect to the laser beam.

Abstract: An optical assembly includes an optical package having a wall with an aperture and includes a laser device capable of emitting a laser beam through the aperture and a collimator including a sleeve defining a first and a second end, the collimator including a terminating portion of an optical fibre. In addition, the assembly includes a joint element having a first and a second surface, the first surface contacting the wall around the aperture in a first contact area, and the second surface including a convex surface contacting a portion of the surface of the sleeve in correspondence of its first end in a second contact area, the convex surface being at least partially inserted in the sleeve, so that the collimator is aligned with respect to the laser beam.